【作者】 宋美宁；

【导师】 吕宪俊；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以莱西膨润土为原料,经过提纯、钠化改型后制备出了性能优良的钠基蒙脱石,以作为蒙脱石有机改性的原料。利用两种不同的工艺:悬浮液法和机械力化学法进行有机改性。在悬浮液法中,以七种不同的有机季铵盐对钠基蒙脱石进行改性,研究了有机改性剂的用量,改性时间、改性温度等参数对产品性能及结构的影响。为了提高改性效率及节约能耗,尝试了机械力化学改性法,并测试了有机蒙脱石的烧失量、有机凝胶的粘度及层间距。根据悬浮液法优化后的工艺参数,进行了扩大实验,利用X射线衍射,红外光谱、差热分析和扫描电镜等对产品进行了表征,分析了有机蒙脱石的结构变化规律。 实验结果表明,采用水力旋流分离器提纯膨润土可得到粒度小于10微米的蒙脱石,提纯效率大大提高。采用碳酸钠对蒙脱石进行钠化改型,可制备出层间距为12.4754A的钠基蒙脱石,达到了制备有机蒙脱石原料的要求。有机改性的工艺参数如有机改性剂的种类、有机改性剂的用量,改性时间、改性温度均对有机蒙脱石的性能及结构均有不同程度的影响,通过对实验数据的分析,确定了最佳改性剂及工艺条件。机械力化学改性工艺也能够制备出不同结构的有机蒙脱石。扩大实验的结果证明小型试验所提出的工艺参数是可行的,用于大规模的生产可以制备出性能优良的有机蒙脱石。 根据X射线衍射测定的有机蒙脱石的层间距,计算了有机阳离子的长度及理论直径,分析了有机阳离子在溶液中的存在状态及在蒙脱石层间的排列方式,得出了动态的结构模型,并验证了该模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the materials for organic modification of montmorillonite are prepared by purifying and sodium modifying Laixi bentonite. Two different organic modification technics are employed, which are suspension modification and mechanically chemical modification respectively. In the former technics, seven distinct kinds of quarternary alkyl ammonium salts are utilized and effects of their dosage, the modification time, temperature on the properties and structures of organic montmorillonite have been tested. The latter technics is performed in order to improve the efficiency of modification and save energy. The loss of ignition and the viscosity of organic gel and d₀₀₁ are tested. The magnified experiment is performed according to the optimized parameters. X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectrum, differential thermal analysis and electron microscope scanning methods are used to explicate the organically modified montmorillonite and the orderliness of structural alternation has been studied.Researches show that the efficiency of purification of bentonite has been greatly improved by using hydro-force separator, which can purify -10μm montmorillonite. Na-modified montmorillonite with the d₀₀₁=12. 4754A which meets the requirement of organic modification can be prepared by Na₂C0₃ modifier. It is a fact that the dosage of modifiers, the modification time and temperature all have impact on the properties and structures of organic montmorillonite and the optimal technics is determined by analyzing the data. Organic montmorillonites with different structures have also been prepared by means of mechanically chemical modification. The optimized parameters have been proved by the magnified experiment which can produce organic montmorillonite with high quality in large scale.The length and diameter of long alkyl cations are calculated and the possible existent state and arrange styles of the long alkyl chain in the medium and interlayer of montmorillonite respectively is analyzed according to the d₀₀₁更多还原