【作者】 刘庆英；

【导师】 吕周聚；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2005， 硕士

【副题名】现代革命历史的两种小说形态之比较

【摘要】 革命历史小说与新历史小说创作可谓是当代文坛上的一种独特现象。虽然二者有共同的叙述对象即从1921年中国共产党成立到1949年新中国成立这一重要历史时期所发生的重大历史事件,但由于种种原因,最终却形成了两种形态的历史小说。自然,出现于不同历史时空中的革命历史小说和新历史小说都有其存在的合理性和必然性。但长期以来,对二者的研究却大都要么是抑此扬彼,要么是在表面上作一简单比较。在这种情况下,我觉得对这两种叙事形态迥然相异的历史小说进行一次综合的比较研究是很有必要的。本文即从历史观、叙事学、美学三个层面上对两种历史小说形态进行了粗略的比较,希望通过对其间内在联系的梳理,既能让人看到两个时代历史小说创作的不同风貌,又能体现出历史叙事的复杂性与多义性,也能勾勒出当代历史叙事的变化及其精神结构的变动。本文主要分为三部分。第一章时代语境下的历史观。所谓“历史观”就是各个时代中的人对历史与人的关系、历史的存在形态以及历史发展的规律等问题所形成的观点和看法。“历史观”是主观的,但一旦形成,就会成为研究历史的一种价值尺度,具有了客观性。“历史观”在外在社会环境和内在主体精神的双重影响下,往往会发生变异。因此,用不同的“历史观”来观照同一段历史,也常常会有不同的发现,得出不同的结论。五六十年代的革命历史小说家与八九十年代的新历史小说家从各自的时代语境出发选择其“进出”历史、回应历史和解释历史的角度,从而形成了两种不同的历史观——再现的历史观和言说的历史观。前者在亲历的基础上注重再现与还原,强调政治意识形态性,重视集体群性的塑造;后者凭借想象对历史进行自由的释义,致力于文学本位的复归和个体人的凸现。因此,受历史观的影响,革命历史小说倾心于对历史的真实性、必然性的展示,而新历史小说则更青睐于历史发展中的偶然性和荒诞性。第二章各具特色的叙事。在不同的历史观和不同的创作文化心理的共同作用之下,创作主体的文本叙事自然会呈现出形态各异的姿态,形成各不相同的叙事风格。从叙事角度上来说,由于革命历史小说着眼于对重大历史事件和恢弘的更多还原

【Abstract】 It may be a kind of special phenomenon in the contemporary literary world that the revolutionary historical novel and the new historical novel are created. For various reasons ,though they have the common narrative target——the great historical events that had taken place during the period from 1921 to 1949, two kinds of historical novel shapes have formed finally. Naturally , it is inevitable and rational for the existence of the revolutionary historical novel and the new historical novel that appeared in the sky of different history. But for a long time, the studies on them are mostly brief. In this case, I think it is very necessary to have a comprehensive relative study on them. In this text, I have a rough comparison between the two kinds of historical novel from conception of history, narrative and aesthetics. I hope it can make people see the different styles and features of the historical novel creation in different history eras, embody the complexity and the ambiguity of historical narrative , and contour the change of the spiritual structure of the contemporary history narrative . This text is divided into three parts mainly. Chapter one: Conception of History under the Social Conditions. People in each era have such views as the existent shape of history and the law of historical development etc. These views form the so-called “Conception of History”. “Conception of History”is subjective. However, if it has taken shape, it will become a kind of measure of value to study history and have objectivity. Under the double influence of the external social environment and the internal subject spirit, “Conception of History”will often morph . So, you can often have different discoveries and draw different conclusions, if you take the same phase of history into consideration with different “Conception of History”. Because the revolutionary historical novelist and the new historical novelist respond and explain history from their own angles, they formed two kinds of different “conception of history”——the “Conception of History”of saying and the “Conception of History”of reproduced. On the basis of experiencing personally, the former pays attention to reproducing and reducing, emphasizes political ideology and the moulding of collective group; Relying on imagining, the latter interprets the history freely. It is devoted to the involution of literature itself and the showing of individual people. So, affected by “Conception of History”, the authenticity and the certainty is very important in the revolutionary historical novel; the new historical novel is inclined to the showing of the contingency and fantastic in historical development. Chapter two: the Narrative with Characteristics. For the different “Conception of History”and the different creational cultural psychology, the texts present all kinds of narrative styles. On the narrative angle, the revolutionary historical novel is focused on the reproducing of the great historical events and the grandiose historical process .Corresponding with this “mighty narrative”, the revolutionary historical novelist mostly follows the creative tactics of realistic socialism strictly to organize his imaginational world of the structure with the third person. Here, though the narrators have not appeared on the scene directly , we can still know the identity to narrators’“ideology spokesman”from the course of narrating . Because the new historical novel focuses the description of the minor details of history, it often chooses individualized narrative angles. By the look of the text’s structure , under the comprehensive functions of different factors such as the conception of history , creative subject’s cultural psychology , the narrative angle and the time of narrating……the novel structure are in different poses finally. The simplification in the revolutionary historical novel and the complexity in the new historical novel are the case in point. Chapter three: the Various Aesthetic Style. Aesthetics is the inherent pursuit of any artistic creation. There are different aesthetic demands in every times. Because of the difference of social context, emphasis point of historical narrative and the narrative angle, there is obvious distinction on the image and characteristic of aesthetics between the revolutionary historical novel and the new historical更多还原