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爆裂玉米及其与普通玉米杂交后代的膨爆特性数量性状遗传研究

Quantitative Genetics of Popping Characteristics Among Popcorn Inbreds and Their Progenies with Normal Maize Lines

【作者】 杜振伟

【导师】 李玉玲;

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 , 作物遗传育种, 2005, 硕士

【摘要】 利用普通玉米种质改良爆裂玉米的产量和农艺性状、拓宽爆裂玉米种质基础,同时保持爆裂玉米的优良膨爆特性是爆裂玉米育种的主要途径。爆裂玉米的膨爆特性主要是由胚乳的成分和结构所决定的种子性状,对其研究应采用不同于二倍体植株及二倍体种子胚的遗传模型。本研究根据爆裂玉米的育种实际,采用朱军提出的三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法,利用爆裂与普通玉米自交系杂交8个世代和爆裂玉米自交系间杂交F1代两套材料,研究籽粒膨爆特性及穗粒重、百粒重的3类遗传方差效应分量、其间的协方差分量、与环境互作效应分量、遗传率及其遗传相关分量,预测各项遗传效应;通过爆裂与普通玉米自交系间11个杂交组合的4个世代材料,分析膨爆特性及穗粒和农艺性状的组合间、世代间、组合×世代互作极其与环境互作效应。主要研究结果如下: 1.三项膨爆特性指标同时受到直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应三种遗传体系或直接效应和母体效应两种遗传体系所控制,且以加性效应为主,非加性效应也起着非常重要的作用;百粒重和穗粒重由直接和母体两种遗传体系或直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应遗传体系所决定。 2.普通玉米自交系穗粒重和百粒重的直接加性效应为极显著正值,母体加性效应为极显著的负值,显性效应及母体显性效应为显著负值;三项膨爆特性的直接效应为显著负值,母体加性效应为显著正值,利用普通玉米自交系作亲本可以显著提高后代的穗粒重和百粒重,但同时会显著降低膨爆特性。在供试的12个爆裂玉米自交系中,N04、N05、N08和N14在两套试验中的遗传效应不完全一致,各自交系的直接加性效应和母体加性效应的显著性不同,N04、N10、N14和M2适合作母本,N08、N16、N05和F1更适宜作父本。 3.穗粒重、百粒重和膨化体积以普通直接遗传率为最主要分量,其次为普通细胞质遗传率和普通母体遗传率分量,但显著小于普通直接遗传率;爆花率的普通直接遗传率最大,普通母体遗传率也较高;膨化倍数的普通母体遗传率最高,普通直接遗传率和普通细胞质遗传率较小。 4.百粒重与膨化体积和膨化倍数、穗粒重与各膨爆特性指标均呈显著或极显著的表现型和基因型负相关,百粒重和穗粒重与爆花率的直接加性遗传方差分量、母体加性遗传方差分量也呈极显著负相关。 5.(爆×普)F1的膨爆特性很差,与爆裂亲本自交系回交一代的爆花率、膨化体积和膨化倍数分别较F1代提高42.8%,44.3%和92.4%。但不同组合间差异显著差异,在各爆裂玉米自交系中,N04组合的各膨爆特性指标均优于N10组合;5个普通玉米自交系相比,许178组合最优,黄C组合最差。

【Abstract】 Using normal corn germplasm is a main way to improve grain yield and agronomic straits of popcorn inbreds,and to broaden the germplasm basis of popcorn while maintain its excellent popping characters.Popping characteristics are seed characters which are mainly controlled by the ingredients and structure of endosperm. So they should be studied with different genetic models from haploid plant or seed characters. In our study, on the grounds of breeding practice of popcorn, the genetic effects of three popping characters, kernel weight per ear and 100-kernel weight were studied through the triploid endosperm seed genetic model and its analysis method,expounded by Zhu Jun, using 8 progenies from popcorn × normal corn inbreds and F1 crosses among popcorn inbreds. And the popping characteristics, ear-kernel and agronomic characters of 4 progenies from 11 popcorn ×normal crosses across two environments were analysed. The main results were as follows:(1)The 3 popping characteristics were controlled by three genetic systems, including direct, maternal and cytoplasmic effect at the same time, or by two genetic

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