【作者】 何盛莲；

【导师】 吕德彬；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 以豫麦49、豫麦18和兰考906等小麦品种为试验材料,研究了不同胚龄幼胚、不同外源物质（2,4-D、ABA和AgNO₃）对愈伤组织诱导率、绿点率及草酸盐氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明: 1、3个品种幼胚愈伤组织诱导率和绿点率随胚龄的增大而增加,达到最大诱导率和绿点率后则随胚龄的增大而下降。在13-18d和13-14d胚龄时3个品种的诱导率和绿点率较大。在最适胚龄条件下培养,基因型间诱导率差异较小,变异系数为3.40%,但绿点率却差异较大,变异系数达35.23%。 2、不同浓度2,4-D诱导下（0.5mg/L、1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L、3.0mg/L、4.0mg/L）,幼胚愈伤组织生长势、胚性愈伤组织诱导率和绿点率等三项指标差异达到0.01显著水平,在2.0-3.0mg/L2,4-D时胚性愈伤组织诱导率和绿点率最高。在最适2,4-D浓度下,三个供试品种间上述三项指标的差异亦达到0.01显著水平,其中豫麦49的愈伤组织鲜重最高,而豫麦18的胚性愈伤组织诱导率和绿点率最高,兰考906的三项指标均最低。 3、在最适2,4-D浓度下以不同浓度ABA处理（0、0.05mg/L、0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L）,胚性愈伤组织诱导率和绿点率这两项指标差异达0.01显著水平,其中0.1mg/L为最适浓度。在三个供试品种间上述两项指标的差异也达到0.01显著水平。这两项指标均以豫麦18最高,豫麦49次之,兰考906最低。 4、在最适2,4-D和ABA浓度下以不同浓度（0、2.5mg/L、5.0mg/L、10.0mg/L、15.0mg/L）AgNO₃对胚性愈伤组织诱导率和绿点率也表现出显著地影响（达0.01显著水平）。不同品种所要求AgNO₃的最适浓度稍有差别,豫麦18为2.5mg/L,其它两个品种为5.0mg/L。当浓度大于15.0mg/L AgNO₃时,三个供试品种的上述两项指标均降低。 5、在不同外源物质处理下测定了草酸盐氧化酶活性,结果表明胚性愈伤组织的诱导率和草酸盐氧化酶活性存在着高度的相关性（相关系数分别高达0.993、0.999、0.990）。 不同品种、不同胚龄、不同浓度外源物质处理对小麦幼胚愈伤组织诱导率和绿点率均有很大影响,因此本研究结果对建立小麦高效实用的再生体系具有重要的借鉴意义。草酸盐氧化酶活性与胚性愈伤的形成具有直接关系,因此可用草酸盐氧化酶活性的高低作为胚性愈伤和非胚性愈伤的重要指标,同时也为揭示胚性愈伤形成机理提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper studied the effects of EA （embryo age） and different exogenic substances（2,4-D,ABA and AgNO₃） on the rates of induction and regeneration and acitivities of oxalate oxidase of calli from wheat cultivars of yumai49,yumai 18 and lankao906,etc.The results were as followes:1) The induction and regeneration rates of calli from three cultivars were increased at first stage and then decreased with the development of EA. In all of three tested cultivars, the optimum EA for induction rate of calli was at 13-18d, while for regeneration rate of calli at 13-14d. Under the optimum EA condition, sharp range of variance was got （variance coeffience of 3.40%） for induction rate among genotypes, but extensive for regeneration rate among genotypes （variance coeffience of 35.23%）.2) All of three variances, mean fresh weight per piece of callus, rates of the induction of embryogenic callus and regeneration of callus, were at significant difference level （p<0.01） when immature embryos were subjected to treatment of different 2,4-D concentration. The rates of induction of embryogenic calli and regeneration of calli reached the maxium at 2.0-3.0mg/L for 2,4-D concentration. With the optimum 2,4-D concentration, significant difference at p<0.01 were got among the genotypes. Maxium Mean fresh weigh per piece of callus was obtained from yumai49, the highest rates of induction of embryogenic calli and regeneration from yumai 18 and the minimum of above three items from lankao906.3) Under the optimum 2,4-D concentration condition, variance rates of induction of embryogenic calli and regeneration reached the level of significant difference at p<0.01 with appearance of different ABA concentration in calli. 0.1mg/L of ABA was optimum concentration in all of treatments. The variances of the above two items were significant difference at p<0.01 among the genotypes, in which the topmost was yumai 18 and the undermost lankao906.4) In the experiment of AgNO₃, the significant variance of induction rates of embryogenic calli and regeneration were also found at p<0.01 under the optimum 2,4-D and ABA.The slight difference about optimum AgNO₃ concentration between tested更多还原