【作者】 李姗姗；

【导师】 刘国顺；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 2004年在四川省凉山州西吕烟科所进行盆栽和大田试验,研究了不同氯肥施用量对烤烟生长状况、生理特性及烤后烟品质、经济效益的影响,提出了该地区适宜的施氯量。试验结果表明: （1） 施氯量对烤烟生长状况的影响 在0.8～4.0g/株Cl^-的施氯范围内,氯素对烟株的株高、茎围、最大叶面积和根、茎、叶干物质积累有一定的促进作用,栽后60d以前,施氯量0.8～4.0g/株的干物质积累高于CK和施氯量为4.8g/株,5.6/株的处理,超过这一范围则产生抑制作用,不利于烟株的早发快长。缺氯时,降低叶细胞的分裂速率和烟株生长速度。 （2） 生育期内烟叶中Cl^-、K⁺含量的变化、分配、积累及总N含量的变化 随施氯量增加,烟叶中Cl^-、K^-含量都增加,但K/Cl比下降,烟叶中总氮含量也随之下降;烟叶中Cl含量在部位间的分配是下部叶>中部叶>上部叶;烟叶中氯含量栽后60d>45d>80d,呈现出先升后降的趋势,而钾含量则一直下降,45d>60d>80d,K/Cl在45～60d时一直下降,60d后有所回升。烟叶中氯的大量积累期在旺长期,氯的积累量与施氯量之间表现出二次曲线关系,各处理叶片氯积累量明显高于CK,施氯量为4.0g/株时,叶片氯积累量达最大值,当施氯量≥4.8g/株时,叶片干物质积累量下降。 （3） 施氯量对烤烟生理特性的影响 随施氯量增加,硝酸还原酶（NR）活性有下降趋势,高施氯量（4.8～5.6g/株）不利于烟株旺长期（45d）后酶活性的下降,碳、氮代谢转化进程被推迟,烟株的氮代谢过程有延长趋势;1.6～4.0g/株的施氯量能够提高转化酶（Inv）活性,促使碳代谢的增强,施氯量<1.6g/株和施氯量>4.0g/株的处理,都使烟草叶片对光合产物的利用程度减弱;过氧化物酶（POD）活性随施氯量的增加而升高,高氯抑制烟株生长的作用与POD的高活性有一定关系;随生育期推迟,乙醇酸氧化酶（GO）活性逐渐升高,施氯量与GO活性呈极显著负相关。 低氯（0～0.8g/株）处理,整个生育期叶绿素都处于较低水平;适宜施氯量（1.6～4.0g/株）,促进了营养阶段叶绿素合成,叶绿素含量明显提高,后期叶绿素降解明显;高施氯量（4.8～5.6g/株）,生育后期叶绿素降解不明显。 烟叶的净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）随施氯量的增加而增加,胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）随施氯量的增加而下降。施氯量≤4.0g/株时,Gs的增加为Pn的提高创造了条件;当施氯量>4.0g/株时,叶片光合速率的下降是由非气孔限制因素引起的,叶绿素合成量的减少是光合速率降低的主要因素。 （4） 适宜烤烟生长的土壤Cl^-含量 盆栽1.6～4.0g/株的施氯量对烟株的生理代谢及生长发育有利,适宜烤烟生长发育的土壤Cl^-含量为:80～200mg/kg。更多还原

【Abstract】 In XiChang tobacco research Institute, Liangshan Sichuan, Pot and field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different chlorine-applied amount on growth condition, physiological characteristics and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Proper chlorine-applied amount and appropriate chlorine content in upper, middle and lower leaves were put forward. The results were as following:1 Effects of different chlorine application rate on growth condition of flue-cured tobaccoWhen chloride application rate was 0.8-4.0 g per plant, the plant height, stem perimeter, area of the biggest leaf and dry matter accumulation of roots, stem and leaves were all distinctively increased.Before the 60th day after transplanting, the dry matter accumulation of the treatments (0.8-4.0 g per plant chlorine application rate) was higher than that of the treatments (4.8 and 5.6 g per plant’s chloride application rate) .Beyond the range, the growth of tobacco was restrained, which was unfavourite to the growth of tobacco plant in early stages. Speed of cell dividing and plant growth were reduced.2 Changes of contents of K+, CFand total nitrogen in tobacco leaves; distribution and accumulation of Cl~- in the growth stageWith increasing of chlorine application rate, potassium and chlorine contents in flue-cured tobacco leaves both increased, but total nitrogen content had a decreasing tendency; distribution of Cl~- content in tobacco leaves at different position was: lower leaves>middle leaves>upper leaves; chlorine content in tobacco leaves at different growth stage was: 60 d>45 d>80 d, which showed a tendency of increasing in the early period and then decreasing in the late period. Potassium content gradually decreased, which showed 45 d>60 d>80 d. From 45 days to 60 days, K/Cl gradually decreased; then it began to increase after 60 days. Vigorous growing stage was the stage of increasing rapidly of chlorine concentration in tobacco leaves. The chlorine accumulation amounts showed significant quadratic curves correlation with the amount of chloride applied. The chlorine accumulation amount of the chloride-applied treatments were obviously higher than that of CK. The chlorine application amount of 4.0 g per plant caused the maximum chlorine accumulationamount in tobacco leaves.When chlorine-applied amount ≥4.8 g per plant, dry matter accumulation amount of tobacco leaves decreased gradually.3 Effects of chlorine application amount on physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobaccoThere was a tendency of decreasing of Nitrate reductase activity with increasing of chlorine application amount. Higher chloride application amount (4.8-5.6 g per plant) was unfavorite to decreasing of its activity in vigorous growing stage (45 d); the progress of carbon and nitrogen metabolism’s transformation was delayed; there was a tendency of prolonging with nitrogen metabolism’s course in tobacco plant. The chloride application amount of 1.6-4.0 g per plant improved the Invertase activity and strengthened carbon metabolism. Beyond the range of 1.6-4.0 g per plant, the capability of tobacco leaves’ making use of carbohydrates was weakened. Peroxidase activities increased with increasing of chloride application amount. There was a relationship between the inhibition of higher chloride to tobacco plant’s growth and higher peroxidase activities. With the growing period delay, Glycolate oxidase activities increased gradually; GO activities were positively correlated to the chloride application amount significantly.Lower chloride application amount treatment (0-0.8 g per plant) , chlorophyll content was on a lower level during the full growth period. Proper chloride application amount (1.6-4.0 g per plant) promoted chlorophyll synthesis during the vegetative growing period; chlorophyll content was improved obviously. At later growth stage, the catabolism of chlorophyll was obvious. When chlorine application amount was 4.8-5.6 g per plant, chlorophyll content was still on a higher level at later growth stage.Photosynthetic rate (Pn ) transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gi) increased and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased with increasing of chloride application amount. When chloride application amount was ≤ 4.0 g per plant, increasing of Gs provided the condition for Pn’s improving. When chloride application amount was >4.0 g per plant, decreasing of chlorophyll synthesis amount was the key factor of Pn’s decreasing of leaves which was caused by nonstomatal factors.4 Soil chlorine content being suitable for tobacco growthChlorine application amount of 1.6-4.0 g per plant in pot experiment favored to physiology metabolism and growth. Soil chlorine volume being suitable for tobacco更多还原