【作者】 程静；

【导师】 詹克慧；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 小麦K型细胞质雄性不育系是比较有应用潜力的一种不育类型,搞清小麦K型雄性不育系育性恢复的遗传机理将有助于选育出恢复度高而稳定的恢复系,从而选育出优良的强优势杂交组合。本试验选用K型不育系豫麦3号、S43及其相应的保持系,和恢复系豫麦2号组配了三种回交群体:不育系//保持系/恢复系、不育系//不育系/恢复系和不育系/恢复系//保持系,对小麦K型不育系育性恢复基因进行了遗传分析,同时采用SSR分子标记对恢复系豫麦2号的恢复基因进行了定位和标记分析。主要研究结果如下: 1) 恢复系豫麦2号对K型不育系的育性恢复是由两对主效基因控制的,而且在SSR标记分析中得到进一步证实。此外,BC₁群体可育株的育性分离皆呈连续分布,说明有修饰或抑制基因对育性恢复作用。这种基因不仅存在于恢复系中,也存在于不育系（保持系）中,本试验选用的不育系豫麦3号和S43就很好地说明了这种现象。 2) 4个不育系//不育系/恢复系类型的群体中可育株和不育株的分离比例明显偏离理论比例3:1,不育株的比例几乎为0,说明在K型细胞质背景下没有恢复基因的雄配子几乎不能传递,也表明K型细胞质不育系属于配子体不育,这与前人的研究结果是一致的;4个不育系/恢复系//保持系类型的群体中可育株和不育株的分离比例均符合预期的遗传比例3:1,表明在K型细胞质背景下没有恢复基因的雌配子能够正常传递。 3) 利用473对SSR引物筛选到5个与豫麦2号两对恢复基因连锁的分子标记,位于1BS上的基因找到4个连锁的标记Xgwm18、Xgwm11、Xgwm374、BARC061,与该恢复基因的遗传距离分别为7.59cM、2.46cM、3.79cM、23.24cM。另一个基因可能位于2BL上,它与2BL上的标记Xgwm526的遗传距离为16cM。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat male sterile line with Ae.kotschyi cytoplasm keeps itself in the foreground compared with others, and the genetic mechanism of its fertility restoration is helpful to select good restoring lines and hybrid wheat with high heterosis. Using the sterile lines Yumai 3 and S43, the corresponding maintainer lines, and the restoring line Yumai 2, three kinds of BC₁ populations-sterile line//maintainer line/restoring line, sterile line // sterile line/restoring line and sterile line / restoring line//maintainer line, were crossed to study the genetic mechanism of fertility restoration. Meanwhile, SSR markers were used to locate the restoring genes of Yumai 2. The results were as follows:1) Fertility segregation of backcross populations showed two pairs of quality restoring genes in restoring line Yumai 2, which was further verified by SSR marker analysis. Besides, Fertility segregation of the fertile plants in BC₁ populations distributed continuously. It indicated that some quantitative genes such as enhancing or inhibiting genes affected the fertility restoration. The genes not only existed in restoring lines but also in sterile line （maintainer line）. The phenomenon could be found in the male sterile lines -Yumai 3 and S43.2) The segregation ratio of fertile and sterile plants in sterile line // sterile line /restorer line BC₁ populations deviated the theoretical ratio 3:1 obviously, and the ratio of sterile plants was nearly zero. Therefore, the male gamete without restoring gene couldn’t inherit under Ae.Kotschyi cytoplasm background, and the male sterile line with Ae.Kotschy cytoplasm was gametophytic sterile type. The segregation ratio in sterile line / restorer line//maintainer line BC₁ populations was 3:1, which indicated that the female gamete without any restoring gene could inherit normally under Ae.Kotschyi cytoplasm background.3) Linkage analysis showed that Xgwm18、 Xgwm11 、 Xgwm374、 BARC061、 Xgwm526 from four hundred seventy three sets of SSR primers were linked to the restoring genes in Yumai 2. The distances between the Rf gene in Yumai 2 and更多还原