【作者】 薛伟伟；

【导师】 罗梅浩；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以黄花烟草、红花烟草及其重要害虫烟夜蛾和棉铃虫为研究对象,从昆虫化学通讯的角度考虑,通过田间和室内一系列试验,初步明确了黄花烟草对烟夜蛾的产卵引诱作用及其作用机理,主要结果如下: 田间落卵量调查及有效诱集距离的测定 在河南农业大学科教园区试验田,选用黄花烟草马合烟、莫合烟、93-1及旱小烟4个品种和红花烟草K326间隔套种,调查落卵量,结果表明:黄花烟草上的百株落卵量是红花烟草上的6-20倍,显著高于红花烟。这一结果初步确定了黄花烟的产卵引诱作用。黄花烟有效诱集距离测定结果表明,作物田间隔15米套种一行黄花烟效果最佳。 烟草粗提物的诱蛾产卵活性 以二氯甲烷做萃取剂,采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取黄花烟草和红花烟草叶片挥发物,同时采用二氯甲烷淋洗法提取两种烟草叶面分泌物,室内分析了黄花烟草两种粗提物对烟夜蛾和棉铃虫产卵行为的影响。结果表明:在涂有黄花烟挥发物或叶面提取物的纱布上,烟夜蛾的产卵量是红花烟的2-10倍,分别占总落卵量的55.53%-78.44%、70.53%-78.42%;而在涂有红花烟挥发物或叶面提取物的纱布上,烟夜蛾的产卵量仅占总卵量的7.74%-27.13%、5.17%-15.13%。棉铃虫恰与烟夜蛾相反,在涂有红花烟挥发物或叶面提取物的纱布上,产卵量是黄花烟上的2-6倍,分别占总卵量的52.18%-75.10%、64.96%-75.24%;而在涂有黄花烟挥发物或叶面提取物的纱布上,产卵量仅占总卵量的15.90%-32.49%、9.45%-1.67%。这一结果表明,黄花烟烟叶挥发物及叶面提取物都对烟夜蛾有产卵引诱作用,但对棉铃虫无此作用,与黄花烟相比,棉铃虫更偏好于红花烟挥发物及叶面提取物。另外,在田间调查过程中,当烟草生长进入花期时,花上的落卵量多于叶片,据此推测花器释放的它感信息化合物也可能起到引诱作用,这需要进一步研究证明。 黄花烟草叶片挥发物的诱虫活性 以二氯甲烷做萃取剂,采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取黄花烟草和红花烟草叶片挥发物,在室内用选择性嗅觉仪测定两种夜蛾对挥发性粗提物的嗅觉行为反应。结果表明:黄花烟叶片挥发物对烟夜蛾处女雌蛾和已交配雌蛾都存在引诱作用,诱捕率分别为36%和38%,对雄蛾没有引诱作用,对棉铃虫雌蛾和雄蛾亦没有引诱作用,棉铃虫处女雌蛾和已交配雌蛾更趋向于红花烟挥发性粗提物。 两种夜蛾对叶片挥发物的触角电位反应 两种夜蛾对各挥发性粗提物都有显著的EAG反应。不论处女雌蛾还是已交配雌蛾,烟夜蛾对黄花烟粗提物的反应显著高于红花烟,而棉铃虫恰与烟夜蛾相反,对红花烟粗提物的反应显著高于黄花烟;两种夜蛾的雄蛾对各粗提物更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis took nicotiana tobacco and rustic tobacco and its important harmful insect Helicoverpa assulta Guenee and H. armigera Hubner as research object, considered from insect chemical communication, through a series of experiments in field and laboratory, had determined initially attraction and the action mechanism of the yellow flower tobacco to tobacco budworm.The following is main result :The number of eggs in field and effective range In order to determine the egg amount on rustic tobacco and k326, four kinds of rustic tobacco were interplanted with k326 in the experimental plot of Henan agricultural university. The results showed the number of eggs on rustic tobacco overtop that on nicotiana tobacco markedly. This result confirm attraction of rustic tobacco on tobacco budworm. The effective attracting rang is 15 meters.The activity of attraction of tobacco extract Leaf volatiles and leaves surface extract of nicotiana tobacco and rustic tobacco were extracted by steam distillation and drip-rinsing process respectively, and the attraction effect of extractant to oriental tobacco budworm and cotton bollworm on oviposition were further analyzed. The result showed the number of eggs of oriental tobacco budworm on gauze treated with leaf and leaf surface extractant of rustic tobacco is 2-10 times that of nicotiana tobacco.On the contrary, the number of egg of cotton bollworm on gauze treated with the leaf and leaves surface extractant of nicotiana tobacco is 2-6 times that of rustic tobacco. The result showed both the leaf volatiles and the leaves surface extract of rustic tobacco can attract oriental tobacco budworm to oviposite but not to cotton bollworm, cotton bollworm tend to extract of nicotiana tobacco. Attraction activity of volatile from rustic tobacco Volatile from nicotiana tobacco and rustic tobacco were extracted by steam distillation and dichloromethane as extractant, and then the behavioral response of two kinds of nocturnal moth to volatiles were tested in selective olfactometer. The result showed volatile of rustic tobacco can attract virgin female adult and mated female adult of oriental tobacco budworm, with trapping rate of 36% and 38%, respectively, but there are not attraction to male adult of oriental tobacco budworm, so to female adult and male更多还原