地震资料采集质量监控与评价系统的研究与开发

【作者】 潘树林；

【导师】 周熙襄；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 地震勘探是目前最为广泛使用的石油物探方法之一,野外地震资料采集是地震勘探工作中最基础和最重要的工作。提高野外地震资料采集的质量,是提高地震勘探精度的关键措施,而长期以来野外的地震资料采集质量监控和评价工作主要依靠手工完成,这样不仅造成评价工作效率低下,而且还存在很大的人为因素。基于此,中国石油天然气总公司专门立项开发《地震资料采集质量监控及评价系统》,该系统能够适用于二维和三维地震勘探资料采集质量的监控与评价,满足野外生产的实际需要,推动野外生产质量控制工作。 本文介绍了地震勘探的基本工作流程,讲述了野外地震资料采集质量监控和评价工作的重要性,并在此基础上提出了《地震资料采集质量监控及评价系统》的详细功能需求。文章以系统开发流程为主线,介绍了系统设计使用的各种方法的基本原理。整个系统包含项目管理、辅助数据分析、地震数据分析、表层模型分析、静校正分析、处理、评价、监理抽查、统计和报表十个功能模块。本着提高系统自动化程度和保证评价效果,系统采用了一些研究成果,如二维物理点自动检测、去随机噪音和相干噪音、初至波自动拾取、分辨率和信噪比的估算方法等。文中对初至波自动拾取方法进行详细的论述。 本文以系统操作流程为线索介绍了一些重要的应用层模块,展示了系统的运行效果。最后对系统野外试验情况进行了介绍,并对试验结果进行了分析。 本系统组成完整、功能完善、操作人性化、评价效果较为理想并且系统使用了大量的先进算法充分提高了系统自动评价能力和可操作性。,但是在野外的实际测试中也发现了系统中存在的一些缺陷和不足。其中提高系统自动评价能力,减少用户交互评价工作是今后需要不断改进的重要方面。通过对系统进行改进,满足野外生产的需要,并促进地震资料采集质量监控和评价工作的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Seismic exploration is a kind of physical exploration methods. The seismic data collection in the field is the most important and basic work of the while seismic exploration. The key of improving precision is how to improve the quality of the data collection. But, the control and evaluation work for the data quality still have finished by hands till now, always with low efficiency and disturbing. So, China Oil and Natural Gas Corporation decided to design a scientific system for the control quality and evaluation with quantitative analysis.This system will be used in 2D and 3D data quality control .It will meet demand of the work, and improve the work..The thesis introduces the basic work flow of the seismic exploration and the importance of the control quality and evaluation work, putts forward the function requirements of the system in details which is the basic of the whole system design. The thesis introduces the principle of ways which used in the system according to the operation of system.The system includes project control, secondary data analysis, seismic data analysis,surface model analysis,static correct analysis,seismic data process,evaluation, random check, statistics,report. The system has adopted some advanced algorithms as automatic detection of the 2D physical points,remove random noise and regular noise.automatic picking up of the first break time, estimation of resolution ratio and SNR.The method of automatic picking up of the first break time will be introduces in the thesis.The thesis introduces some important application , shows the systematic operation result. Made an introduction to the experimental situation finally, and analyse the result of the test.This system has more advantages , but some defects and deficiencies in the actual test of the field have been found. Among them to improve the automatic appraisal ability of the system and to reduce user’s mutual appraisal manipulate are the aspects to be improved important respects constantly in the future.Through improving the system , it can meet the need of the production , and promote development of the control and appraise of improve the quality of the data collection.更多还原