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遥感图像三维可视化及在腾冲机场建设中的应用研究

3D Visualization of Remote Sensing Images with the Application in Tengchong Airport Construction

【作者】 戴晓爱

【导师】 杨武年;

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 , 地图制图学与地理信息工程, 2005, 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,随着计算机技术、遥感技术、摄影测量技术及其相关技术的飞速发展,使得通过快速获取地表信息并重建三维地表成为现实。以三维数据和影像为基础的遥感图像三维可视化产生更逼真的环境模拟,有着广阔的应用背景,越来越受到人们的关注。 遥感图像三维可视化利用数字高程模型(DEM)表达地形起伏要素,影像纹理表示地表真实覆盖状况,直接将实地的影像数据映射到DEM透视表面,并可叠加各种人文的、自然的特征信息等空间数据,实现虚拟三维飞行。这对提高机场等大型工程的设计水平、保障工程质量有重要作用。因此,研究建立遥感图像三维可视化的技术方法及其理论有重要的学术意义和实用价值。本文通过高精度卫星图像数字处理,高精度DEM建模实现云南腾冲驼峰机场的遥感图像三维可视化,取得较好效果。论文的主要研究内容及成果包括以下方面: (1) 遥感图像数字处理及信息提取:本文对高分辨率的ETM8波段数据与较低分辨率的R7G482合成标准假彩色图像进行基于像元坐标的像素层融合,在保留原始图像的低频信息和光谱信息的基础上,增强图像的细节信息,从而在一定程度上提高空间分辨率;制作完成了腾冲地区的高精度遥感影像地图,快鸟正射影像地图及遥感解译图; (2) 高精度DEM建模:本文使用云南腾冲地区1∶50000地形图矢量化数据和腾冲驼峰机场地区1∶2000实测等高线矢量数据,采用STL技术构建TIN模型,使用泛克立格(Kriging)插值法建立DEM; (3) DEM精度分析:从原始数据获取和内插方法选择两方面入手,讨论了DEM精度控制的方法,并对本文采用的DEM作出精度评价; (4) 遥感图像三维可视化制作:通过遥感图像的正射影像处理、多类型遥感图像数据融合、高精度DEM生成和影像复合等工序,按照一定比例尺和飞行路线生成腾冲驼峰机场的遥感三维影像系列图; (5) 遥感图像三维可视化应用意义:遥感图像的三维可视化,对于宏观观察者(如领导干部、项目决策者等)而言,其实际效果相当于乘坐在一定高度的飞行器上进行航空路线观察,方便其决策方案设计;对于遥感图像解译者(具体的工作人员)而言,高精度的三维影像动画系列图提供了可供反复使用的真实、客观、信息连续的宏观分析地面景观影像;对于项目施工方,可利用高精度的遥感三维影像快速准确地分析地形和计算土石方填挖量;在机场规划与设计过程中,设计净空模型,对机场净空进行评定。

【Abstract】 Recent years, with the rapid development of computer, remote sensing, photogrammetry and some correlative technology, it is a reality that getting the information on the earth’s surface fast and rebuilding the earth’ s surface. 3D visualization of remote sensing images based on the three-dimensional data and images will simulate entironment more realistically and can be applied in wide field, so people draw attention to it more and more.With digital elevation model (DEM) expressing hypsography and image texture showing terrain, 3D visualization of remote sensing images reflects realistic images data onto DEM, and can overlay some special data such as human or natural information, even creats 3D virtual images according to certain scale and fight routes. Since 3D Visualization of Remote Sensing Images plays a important role in checking the plan of airport construction and improving the design quality, it has vital theory signification and pratical value that the study about the realized method. Through image processing, producing high-precision DEM, 3D Visualization of Remote Sensing Images in Yun-nan Teng-chong Tuofeng airport was created. This main content is listed as follows:(1)Image processing and information extracting.In this paper, the author make data fusion between Panchromatic Image ETM 8 and Multispectral Image ETM7, 4, 2 based on the fusion of pixels’ coordinates: the method reserves raw image low-frequency information and spectrum information and strengthens image details, so it improves spatial resolution on a degree. Through remote sensing image digital processing , we made high accuracy remote sensing images, QuickBird ortho-images and image interpretion maps.(2)Establishent of DEM.The paper took the 1:50000 scale topographic in Yun-nan Teng-chong area and 1:2000 contour vector data based on the survey in Teng-chong Tuofeng airport region, set up the TIN applying STL, and made irregular DEM using Kring interpolation.(3)Precision analysis of DEM.

  • 【分类号】TP751
  • 【被引频次】18
  • 【下载频次】1144
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