【作者】 刘卫星；

【导师】 洪坚平； 姜瑞波；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过多级分离筛选,从腐生枯枝落叶中和中国农科院农业微生物菌种保藏中心提供的50 余株有降解秸秆特性的菌株中共筛出三株高效腐解秸秆菌株,并进行菌株鉴定、腐解秸秆和盆栽试验,其结果表明1.通过形态学观察和Biolog Microplate 鉴定,一株真菌为哈茨木霉,一株细菌为饲料芽孢杆菌。另一株菌为菌库提供的绿色木霉,三株菌分别进行不同组建试验,其中三菌株混合培养产CMCNa 酶能力最高,酶活达2619.0u/g。2.微生物堆腐秸秆15d 后,WSC(水溶性碳)为6.42g/kg ,WSC 与总有机氮的比值为0.71,T 值(终点C/N 与起始C/N 的比值)为0.44,基本达到腐熟要求。比正常堆腐时间至少提前30 天。3.盆栽试验下,微生物堆腐秸秆15d 后施入土壤与无秸秆处理相比,土壤中碱解氮、速效磷、钾和有机质含量分别可提高15.75%～19.12%、12.65%～14.41%、23.90%～26.94%、3.15%～7.62%,土壤脲酶活性平均提高14.38%,纤维素酶活平均提高103.61%,且高于秸秆直接施入土壤的处理。以未接菌堆腐秸秆15d 处理的土壤脲酶活性最低。整个盆栽时期内,土壤脲酶活性变化趋势为先上升后下降,纤维素酶活呈上升趋势。4.盆栽试验下,微生物堆腐秸秆15d 后施入土壤可促使油菜和白菜叶绿素含量可维持在较高水平,与无秸秆处理相比,生长中期油菜和白菜叶绿素含量分别提高25.99%和10.98% ,未接菌堆腐秸秆15d 的处理油菜和白菜的叶绿素含量为最低。5.微生物堆腐秸秆15d 后施入土壤可促进油菜和白菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收利用,与秸秆直接施入相比,油菜和白菜产量分别提高22.97%和2.80%。6.微生物堆腐秸秆15d 后施入土壤与秸秆直接施入土壤相比,油菜还原糖与Vc 含量分别提高21.8%和6.89%;白菜还原糖与Vc 含量分别提高9%和23.53%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study we screened three strains of highly degrading straws from dead litter and the known strains offered by Accc of the agricultural academy of sciences of china. After certifying, composting and pot incubation test, the results showed 1.One of the strains is a known strain as Trichoderma Viride .According to morphological character and Biolog Microplate method, the second strain was identified as Trichoderma harzianum. The third strain was identified as Paenibacillus pabuli. The combining strains test showed that CMCNase enzyme activity would be 2619.0 u/g when mixed culture. 2.WSC of Microbial straws compost was 6.42g/kg ,WSC/Total OrgN was 0.71, the data of T was 0.44 on the 15th day after inoculating strains. These indexes were paralleled to standards of compost maturity. Microbial composting maturity straws can be advanced 30 days. 3.Comparing with soil without straws, the contents of rapidly available nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and organic matter in soil could be increased the percentage of 15.75~19.12, the percentage of 12.65~14.41, 23.90~26.94, 3.15~7.62. after applying microbial straws compost treated 15d.. The soil urease enzyme activity and cellulase enzyme activity were improved 14.38 and 103.61 percent respectively. The urease enzyme activity of soil applied uninoculating ordinary compost was the lowest in all treats. During the pot test, The soil urease enzyme activity increased first and reduced then while the soil cellulase enzyme activity increasing continually. 4.The chlorophyll contents of rape and cabbage after applying microbial straws compost treated 15d can be maintained at a higher level. At the 26th day, The chlorophyll content of rape was increased 25.99 percent, comparing with the pot test without straws. Similaritily, The chlorophyll content of cabbage was increased 10.98 percent, comparing with the pot test without straws. The chlorophyll contents of rape and cabbage were the lowest after applying uninoculating ordinary compost. 5.The qualities of rape and cabbage were promoted more highly when applied microbial straws compost treated 15d.Compared with applying uninoculating straws, for rape, the content of reducing sugar was improved 21.8 percent, Vc was improved 6.89 percent, for cabbage, the content of reducing sugar was improved 9 percent, Vc was improved 23.53 percent. 6.When apply microbial straws compost treated 15d, the output of rape and cabbage could be promoted the percentage of 22.97 and 2.80 respectively by contrast with the pot test without straws.更多还原