【作者】 曹翠玲；

【导师】 路炳声；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究对所分离到的十种木霉进行了形态学分类鉴定,在此基础上对其中的康氏木霉的生理生化特性进行了较为系统的研究,同时对康氏木霉的拮抗机制、产毒条件优化、固体培养条件优化、生物防治等进行了研究,其结果如下: 一,测定了康氏木霉菌落生长、孢子萌发与温度、相对湿度、pH值、营养物质、光照等的关系。结果表明:康氏木霉孢子萌发的温度范围为20℃-35℃,最适温度为20-25℃,致死温度是71℃/10分钟,较高的湿度条件有利于孢子萌发,适合生长的pH范围为3-9,光照对康氏木霉菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发没有明显的作用。这种对环境的广泛适应性与低标准需求,使其能够在我国不同生态条件下生存和繁殖,对于应用于植物病害的生物防治极为有利。 二,通过对康氏木霉的拮抗作用的研究证明,该菌主要通过营养竞争、重寄生和产生次生代谢物等来抑制病原菌的菌丝生长和繁殖,其抗生物质具有热稳定性,具有极大的开发利用价值。 三,对康氏木霉固体发酵条件的研究发现,该菌在以糠醛渣培养料作为载体时,采用前期25℃、中期20℃、后期25℃的变温发酵处理,发酵料初始湿度为22%,接种量为8-12%,培养料厚度为20mm,最终孢子含量可达1×10⁸个/克以上。用该固体培养料生产木霉具有制作简单,成本低廉,孢子活性稳定,易于保贮和运输等优点。但近来有资料显示,可以通过固液两相法来发酵生产木霉孢子用于生防,这种方法值得进一步探讨。 四,在大田试验中,康氏木霉对棉立枯病的防效明显,可以减轻棉立枯病对棉田的危害。统计结果显示,康氏木霉菌肥处理方式对棉立枯病引致的死苗率影响不显著,对发病率的影响在在F_0.05水平上效果显著,由两种处理方式所造成的棉立枯病的病指差异达F_0.01极显著水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study ten species of Trichoderma were morphologically identified. Among them, Trochoderma koningii was systematically studied based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics. Its antagonistic mechanism and biocontrol were studied. In addition, optimizing condition of antibiotics protruded and fermentation on culturing materials were also tested. Results as following:1. For the conidium germination of T. koningii: temperature range is 20-35℃.optimizing temperature is 20-25℃; the thermal death temperature is 71 ℃/10 min;appropriate pH is 3-9; Higher humidity would benefit to the germination;light does not have obvious effection on the germination and hypha growth. Trichoderma koningii has a broad adaptability that enables it to survive and reproduce efficiently at different ecological conditions in our country and that also make it to be used easily in biocontrol of plant diseases.2. Trichoderma kongnii resists pathogens mainly through nutritional competing, hyperparasiting and also producing secondary metabolites. Its secondary metabolites have a heat-stability and have the potential used as biological pesticides.3. Fermentation test for culturing T. koningii on furfural waste dregs: T. koningii would grow and reproduce quickly and efficiently in following conditions: temperature varying from 25 to 20 then to 25 ℃, initial humidity as 22%, inoculating proportion as 8-12%, thickness of culturing material as 20mm. Conidia in furfural dregs could reach 1 × 10~8 conidia/g.4. Field experiment to control cotton take-all caused by Rhizoctonia solani: T. koningii could effectively control the disease. Although different treatments didn’t affect the rate of deaded seedlings, they could reduce the rate and also index of the diseased cotton significantly at F0.05 level and F0.01 level, respectively.更多还原