【作者】 吕朝军；

【导师】 韩巨才；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用生物测定和生化离体酶测定方法研究了山西省苹果黄蚜(Aphis citricola von der Goot)不同种群对药剂的敏感性动态,并进行了杀虫剂的混配增效作用研究;同时本文还测定了杀虫剂对七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata L.)和苹果黄蚜的选择性毒力;最后提出了苹果黄蚜的抗性治理对策。 1.2000～2004年三地区苹果黄蚜抗性动态研究表明,由于各地用药水平和种植方式的差异,各供试药剂的敏感性变化不同。忻州种群对5种杀虫剂,马拉硫磷、溴氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、齐墩螨素、氧化乐果表现出毒力降低的趋势,但对氰戊菊酯、吡虫啉和灭多威则表现出毒力增加的趋势;晋中种群对马拉硫磷、氧化乐果、氰戊菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉这5种杀虫剂的毒力有降低趋势,但对溴氰菊酯、灭多威、齐墩螨素却表现出更高的毒力水平;运城种群对氧化乐果、氯氟氰菊酯、齐墩螨素、马拉硫磷、氰戊菊酯这5种药剂表现出毒力水平降低的趋势,但对灭多威、溴氰菊酯、吡虫啉的毒力水平有所增加。 2.相同地区苹果黄蚜种群对药剂的敏感性研究结果表明: (1) 各供试药剂在一天的不同时间段里对苹果黄蚜的毒力大小不同,但几乎都在下午16:00～18:00时左右表现出较高的毒力水平。 (2) 山区种群对药剂的敏感性相对高于平川种群,混栽果园种群对药剂的敏感性高于单一果园种群。各种群对吡虫啉敏感性在供试药剂中表现最高,且种群间差异不显著。 (3) 不同树种上苹果黄蚜对供试药剂的敏感性顺序均为:杏树>李子树>梨树>苹果树;不同苹果品种上黄蚜种群对吡虫啉的敏感性顺序为:青冠>富士>红星>赤杨>乔纳金,对灭多威的敏感性顺序为:乔纳金>富士>青冠>红星>赤杨,对敌敌畏的敏感性顺序为:富士>青冠>赤杨>红星>乔纳金,对溴氰菊酯的敏感性顺序为:富士>赤杨>乔纳金>红星>青冠。寄主对苹果黄蚜药剂敏感性影响达到了显著水平。 3.寄主对苹果黄蚜体内酶活性影响研究结果表明:取食不同寄主的苹果黄蚜,其体内谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶活力大小顺序均为:更多还原

【Abstract】 Use the bioassay and biochemical methods, the susceptibility dynamics to insecticides of different Aphis citricola von der Goot was studied, and the synergism between different mechanism insecticides to the green apple aphid was evaluated. The selective toxicity of commonly used insecticides between ladybird, Coccinella septempunctata L and the green apple aphid were also evaluated, and integrated management strategies of pesticide resistance in these two pests were also discussed. The main results were as following:1. The susceptibility variation of the green apple aphids to various pesticides between 2000 and 2004 showed that toxicity of pesticides to the pest varied greatly because of different models of pesticide application and culture styles in different regions. In Xinzhou region, malathion, deltamethrin, DDVP, beta-cypermethrin, abamectin and omethoate showed decreasing toxicity trend to the aphid, but fenvalerate, imidacloprid and methomyl showed increasing toxicity trend; The toxicity of malathion, omethoate, fenvalerate, beta-cypermethrin and imidaclopride to Jinzhong strain was declined, whereas deltamethrin, methomyl and abamectin increased. In Yuncheng region, the susceptibility of the aphid to omethoate, beta-cypermethrin, abamectin, malathion and fenvalerate decreased, but that of methomyl, imidacloprid, deltamethrin significantly increased.2. The results of susceptibility variation of green apple aphids in same region to insecticides.2.1 The results demonstrated that the toxicity of insecticides tested fluctuated to the pest at different time of a day, but most toxic between 16:00 to 18:00pm.2.2 The field populations from moantanious orchards showed higher susceptibility to insecticides than from plain areas, and from mixture-cultivating orchards was higher than from orchard where only apple trees were planted. The susceptibility of each population to imidacloprid was the highest among four insecticides.2.3 he susceptibility of the aphid fed on different host plant to imidacloprid, malathion, deltamethrin, methomyl was simultaneously different. The results also demonstrated that susceptibility of the aphid fed on different apple cultivars to the same insecticide’ was significantly different.The susceptibility difference of green apple aphids to insecticides among different host and different apple species have reached significant level3. The experimental results of biochemical analysis to detoxication enzyme in the aphid fed on apple, pear, plum, almond respectively, showed that activities of glutathion-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxyl esterase (CarE), mixed function oxidase (MFO) was highest in the aphid on apple, followed by pear, plum and almond. The activity of each enzyme in different aphid strains were significantly different (p< 0.05 or 0.01), these results indicated that host plants could obviously affect the activities of detoxification enzymes in the body of aphids. The susceptibility to each pesticide and the activity of each enzyme showed negative relationship, this indicated that raise of detoxification enzyme activities was important mechanism of insecticidal resistance in the green apple aphids.4. The joint toxicity tests of combinations between different class insecticides to the green apple aphids demonstrated that deltamethrin mixed with malathion in 1:9(a.i), imidacloprid with malathion in 1:10 or 1:15, and acetaniprid with malathion in 1:10 or 1:15 all had obvious synergism to the pest than used alone.5. Bioassay to selective toxicities of commonly used insecticides between ladybird and aphids showed that phoxim, abamectin had highest selectivity, followed by acetaniprid, fenvalerate, methomyl and imidacloprid, whereas the selectivity of omethoate and deltamethrin was lowest. Therefore, it was suggested that fenvalerate, phoxim, imidacloprid should be chosen for control aphids when there were abundant adults of ladybird in the field, but while majority of ladybird in larval period, fenvalerate, phoxim, abamectin should be used. Although acetaniprid had higher selectivity, it also was most toxic to the natural更多还原