【作者】 王宁波；

【导师】 李生才；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在对山西省菜田蜘蛛资源进行初步调查的基础上,重点研究了山西省太谷地区甘蓝田蜘蛛群落的组成、时间动态、生态位及优势种蜘蛛(星豹蛛、草间小黑蛛、阴瘤胸蛛)对主要害虫(甘蓝田蚜虫、小菜蛾)的捕食功能。为保护利用天敌、进行可持续综合治理,提供一定的理论依据。研究结果如下: 1.对山西省11个区系内菜田蜘蛛资源进行调查研究,共采集蜘蛛176头,发现蜘蛛12科19属,其中优势种为星豹蛛。 2.针对山西太谷杨家庄甘蓝田的蜘蛛、昆虫群落及优势种群动态进行了初步研究。经整理鉴定,共发现2纲8目22科29种,并采用物种丰富度(S)、个体数(N)、多样性指数(H)、群落均匀度(J)4个指标对群落进行了分析,揭示了蜘蛛在菜田生态系统中控制害虫的发生发展的机理。并根据群落优势度指数(D)分析了菜田蜘蛛优势种群的季节动态,对保护和利用这类天敌资源提供了一定的理论依据。 3.本文根据2004年4月20日到7月18日的调查数据,对甘蓝田蜘蛛、昆虫群落的时间生态位、空间生态位、时—空生态位进行研究。从其重叠值来看,对于害虫小菜蛾、桃蚜、甘蓝蚜、萝卜蚜来讲,星豹蛛、草间小黑蛛、阴瘤胸蛛是其最优天敌。同时,对于中性昆虫,这三类蜘蛛也存在捕食作用。 4.运用二次通用旋转组合设计统计方法,研究甘蓝田生态系统中天敌蜘蛛优势种星豹蛛X1(Pardosa astrigera)、草间小黑蛛X2(Erigonidium graminicolum)、阴瘤胸蛛X3(Oedothorax feminea)及甘蓝田主要害虫,甘蓝蚜X4(Brevicoryne brassicae)和小菜蛾X5(Plutella maculipennis Curtis)组成的多物种共存系统,探讨蜘蛛对甘蓝田主要害虫的控制作用,分析天敌之间,害虫之间及天敌与害虫之间的相互作用关系,获得6个天敌对害虫的捕食量的模型。其中之一为: Y3=45.63636+1.33333X1+1.58333X2-0.41667X3+10.75000X4-1.08333X5-3.38636X12-2.13636X22-0.51136X32-4.01136X42+0.48864X52+1.00000X1X2+0.62500X1X3+3.87500X1X4+1.12500X1X5-0.75000X2X3+4.50000X2X4+2.50000X2X5-3.37500X3X4-2.62500X3X5-0.12500X4X5 对模型进行主效分析表明,害虫密度的大小对天敌的总捕食量影响较大,其中又以更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is based on the preliminary investigation of spiders in the fields and forests in Shanxi province, it is importantly studied that spider and insect community from, the structure, time niche, space niche, two dimension niche and predatory function of Pardosa astrigera, Erigonidium graminicolwn and Oedothorax feminea to Plutella maculipennis Curtis and Vegetable Aphides in the cabbage field in Taigu. The result will give the certain statement for the protection of natural enemy and sustainable IPM.1. The spider resource was studied among 11 areas in Shanxi, there were 176 species belonged to 19 generas 12 families, the dominant spider was Pardosa astrigera.2. It was preliminarily studied that the spider and insect’s community in cabbage field in Taigu and the changes of fluctuation of the dominant species , 29 species belonged to2 classes,8 orders,22 families, at the same time , it was analysed that the degree of richness（S）, total individual number（N）,index of diversity（H） and degree of evenness（E） about the community and stated that the mechanism of using the spider to control the insect pests in cabbage ecology system .in addition ,it was stated that the important meaning about protecting and using the spider according to the index of dominant degree（D） which was used to analyse time dynamics.3. According to the date from April 20 July 18 in 2004, it was studied that the time niche, space niche and the two_dimensional niche, the overlap value stated that the dominant natural enemies were Pardosa astrigera , Erigonidium graminicolum , Oedothorax feminea to Plutella maculipennis Curtis , Vegetable Aphides.4. It was investigated that the foraging behavior of three predators（X1-Pardosa astrigera 、 X2-Erigonidium graminicolum, X3-Oedothorax feminea） for two major insect pests in cottage fields（X4-Brevicoryne brassicae、 X5-Plutella maculipennis Curtis）, as well as how the interference among and within species occurred, by using the rotational composite design of quadratic regression. It is obtained those six models of predatory capacity in the coexistent system of three spiders and two insect pests in cottage fields. One of them was :Y3=45.63636+l .33333X1+1.58333X2-0.41667X3+10.75000X4-1.08333X5-3.38636X12-2.13636X2 2-0.51136X32-4.01136X42+0.48864X52+1.00000X1 X2+0.62500X1X3+3.87500X1X4+1.12500X1 X5-0.7 5000X2X3+4.50000X2X4+2.50000X2X5-3.37500X3X4-2.62500X3X5-0.12500X4X5The principal efficiency analysis on this model indicated that increases in insect pests density had significantly increased the predation of predators on the insect pests and had a greater effect than any one of predators. X₄ had a great effect than X₅. However, X₄ and X₅ had little interference in this experiment densities, they even promoted each other and increased the greatest effect on the increase of predation. X₁ had the second and a little greater than X₂ the third. As the predator density increased the inter and inter-species interference occurred, which were largely related to the size, activity, niche breath, niche overlap and searching efficiency of the predators. X₁ had the greatest interference between different更多还原