【作者】 徐玉梅；

【导师】 王建明；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以42种园林植物为研究对象,研究了园林植物对SO₂急性伤害的症状表观反应以及不同植物对SO₂的敏感性差异,通过不同浓度SO₂分别对42种园林植物进行处理,明确了SO₂处理后植株的症状类型、受害程度、敏感性和显症时间等;测定了抗性植物大叶黄杨和敏感植物贴梗海棠经不同浓度SO₂处理后植物体内超氧阴离子（O₂^-）、细胞膜相对透性、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量的动态变化,并分析了这些生理生化反应与SO₂浓度和植物抗性的相互关系;同时还研究了不同外源化合物（苯甲酸钠、氯化钙、磷酸缓冲液和8-羟基喹啉）对SO₂胁迫的保护作用和生理生化变化的影响,结果表明: 1.五种浓度处理42种供试植物,结果表明,叶片对SO₂急性伤害的症状表观反应有两大类型,即褪绿黄斑类和坏死褐斑类;42种园林植物对SO₂的敏感性有很大差异,可分为高度敏感、中度敏感、敏感、中抗和高抗5种类型,其中高度敏感的植物有14种,中度敏感的植物有11种,敏感的植物有5种,中抗的植物有5种,高抗的植物有7种;同时不同园林植物的伤害阈值及临界浓度明显不同。 2.在受到SO₂胁迫处理后,植物的生理生化反应在抗感植物表现明显不同:①SO₂处理使贴梗海棠和大叶黄杨O₂^-速率、MDA含量、细胞膜相对透性和可溶性蛋白含量均增加,而且敏感植物增加的比率比抗性植物大。且随SO₂浓度的增加,这四个指标的增加比率均呈升高趋势。②经SO₂处理后,贴梗海棠和大叶黄杨的SOD和POD活性均上升,抗性植物的升高比率大于敏感植物,随SO₂浓度的增加SOD和POD活性的增加比率而升高。脱离熏气后,POD活性均有一个应激上升的过程随后下降,抗性植物大叶黄杨出现应激反应早于贴梗海棠。贴梗海棠和大叶黄杨经SO₂处理后,CAT活性下降,随SO₂浓度的下降比率增加。③SO₂使贴梗海棠和大叶黄杨的叶绿素a、b的含量下降,SO₂处理对贴梗海棠的叶绿素b比叶绿素a的影响大,且叶绿素a和b的下降比率均随SO₂浓度的增加而呈升高趋势。但是大叶黄杨的叶绿素a的下降比率随SO₂的变化趋势不大。 3.外源物质的抗硫效应研究,结果显示,苯甲酸钠、氯化钙、磷酸缓冲液和8-羟基喹啉四种化合物喷施大叶黄杨,均对SO₂胁迫下的大叶黄杨有一定的抵御防护作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to select garden trees resistant to SO₂ and to provide information concerning acute injury symptom types, fumigation experiments were carried out with 42 species in the stable fumigated chamber designed personally. The acute injury symptoms were observed, described and taken pictures. And superoxide anion radical（O₂^-）, cell membrane relative permeability, malondialdehyde（MDA）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）、 peroxidase（POD）、 catalase（CAT）、 chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of resistant plant Euonymus japonicus and susceptible plant Chaenomeles speciosa were measured. And the relations among these physiological and biochemical changes and plant resistance were analyzed. Meanwhile, the protective effects of the four chemical compounds sodium benzoate, calcium chloride antydrous, phosphate buffer and 8-hydroxyquinoline were studied. The results were listed as following:1. Treated with five different concentration of sulfur dioxide, the results showed that two types of symptom, which are chlorosis and necrosis, were established according to the characteristic of leaf acute injury symptoms. Based on the established threshold value of leaf injury and critical concentration, the relative resistance to SO₂ of the tested trees can be grouped into 5 categories, which are very sensitive, intermediate sensitive, sensitive, resistant and more resistant. And there were 15 very sensitive plants, 5 intermediate sensitive plants, 5 sensitive plants, 5 resistant plants and 7 more resistant plants.2. The physiological and biochemical changes of the both plants under SO₂ stress was: （1）The O₂^- velocity, MDA content, cell membrane permeability and soluble protein content were increased in the Chaenomeles speciosa and Euonymus japonicus treated with 0.1mg/L, 0.5mg/L and 1.0mg/L SO₂, but the increased ratio of the former is larger than the latter. And these four indexs were increased with the increase of sulfur dioxide concentration.（2）The SOD and POD activity were increased in the both plants treated with sulfur dioxide, but the increased ratio of the susceptible plant is greater than the resistant one. And the increased ratio was increased with the increased concentration sulfur dioxide After fumigation, the POD activity had a stimulated ascent then descend, but the stimulated course is earlier in the Euonymus japonicus than in the Chaenomeles speciosa. The CAT activity was decreased in the both plants and the descend ratio was increased with the increase of sulfur dioxide concentration. ?The content of chlorophyll a and b in the both plants are descended after fumigated with sulfur dioxide, and there is not linearity relation between the descended ratio and the concentration of sulfur dioxide.3. The results of study on resistance to sulfur dioxide of exogenous chemicals showed that sodium benzoate, calcium chloride antydrous, phosphate buffer and 8-hydroxyquinoline had some defensive and protective effect on the Euonymus japonicus under sulfur dioxide stress. And combined the physiological and biochemical results with the apparent injury reaction, the calcium chloride antydrous was affirmed the best chemical of resistant to SO₂. Treated with different concentration CaCl₂, the result showed that Ca²+ had positive effect on the protective enzyme activity in the leaf of Euonymus japonicus under SO₂ stress and it descended the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation. But Ca²+ had appropriate concentration and high concentration had a negative effect.更多还原