【作者】 郭文；

【导师】 史绍蓉；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 羽毛球后备人才的生物学特征研究,直接关系到羽毛球后备人才的培养与中国羽毛球运动的可持续发展。本研究以安化县国家羽毛球训练基地的少年羽毛球运动员为研究对象,运用运动生理学、运动生物力学与运动心理学等运动人体科学的原理与方法,在以往采用的研究指标的基础上,选用去脂体重、呼吸差、5次肺活量、气质类型、注意分配、肘关节动觉感受性、深度知觉、上肢的围度与握力等与选材和评价关系紧密切的新指标进行研究,以弥补长期以来我国羽毛球后备人才在选材与评价方面,缺乏心理指标和指标不全、特异性较差的不足。研究结果表明:(1)与全国同年龄组学生相比,身高、体重和体重指数差异不显著,血压较低(P<0.05,P<0.01),胸围、肺活量、50m、立定跳远和仰卧起坐较高(P<0.05,P<0.01),表明后备人才的心肺功能水平与速度、弹跳等素质具备羽毛球专业特征。(2)备战国家级比赛的运动员在肢体长度与围度、瘦体重、胸围、呼吸差、5次肺活量、心功指数、血红蛋白、50m、四点跑、20m×5往返跑、1500m、3min跳绳、立定跳远、持球臂握力、1min仰卧起坐、注意分配、肘关节动觉感受性和深度知觉等方面,较备战省级比赛与一般运动员好(P<0.05,P<0.01),且与两个骨龄组的主成分因子分析结果基本一致;(3)采用R聚类统计分析进行统计指标的筛选,删去前臂长、小腿围、胸围、持球臂的紧上臂围与松上臂围、心率、20m×5往返跑等反映测量研究对象同一属性的指标;(4)指标筛选后,保留肢体长度、心功指数、5次肺活量、血红蛋白、血乳酸、50m、注意分配、肘关节动觉感受性和深度知觉等遗传度较高的指标,作为羽毛球后备人才的选材指标;(5)指标筛选后,保留呼吸差、持球臂上臂围差、大腿围、瘦体重、四点跑、1500m、3min跳绳和持球臂握力等后天训练对其影响较大指标,作为羽毛球后备人才进行运动训练监控与评价的指标;(6)羽毛球后备人才的骨龄随生活年龄的增长而增长,各年龄组的平均骨龄均小于或基本接近于相应组的生活年龄,CHN骨龄发育水平均属于正常发育类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 The biological status and characters of the badminton reserve talents are closely related to the fostering of the badminton reserve talents and the continuable development of the badminton sport in China. This research took the children players from the Anhua National Training Basis of Badminton as the research subjects, employed the principles and approaches of the human science of exercise such as exercise physiology , sports biomechanics and exercise psychology, choose the new indexes of lean body mass, breath difference, 5-time Vital Capacity, the surround and grip of arm with holding ball, attention-distribution, kinaesthesia-sensitivity of elbow joint and depth feeling, which are closely related to the selection and evaluatation of badminton reserve talents on the base of the previous researching, is targeted to remedy the deficient of psycholo gical indexs, unfull and distinguishing of a short of the indexs.The research shows that: (1) compared with the students of the same age, badminton reserve talents have not sharp difference in height, weight and weight index, while they have a distinct gap in Circumferenc--e, vital capacity, 50-meter dash, standing long jump, situp, and they have a rather low blood pressure, which show that the badminton reserve talents have professional characters in the heart and blood vessel function and, the respiratory organs function, qualities in speed and jumping. (2) the athletes who are preparing for national competition are better than those preparing for provinceial competition and being out of in the field in physical Morphology such as the length and surround of limbs and, lean body mass, circumference, breath difference, Physiologic Function like the heart function index number, 5-time Vital Capacity, haemoglobin, body Constitution like 50-meter dash, quatre run, 20x5-meter shunt run, 1500-meter run, the rope skipping of 3-minute, standing long jump, the更多还原