【作者】 熊煜华；

【导师】 易法建；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 与中国社会文明发展的漫长历程同步,我国的德治传统源远流长。春秋战国时期,孔子、孟子、荀子为代表的儒家建立了以“为政以德”、“施仁政,得民心”为中心的德治思想体系,孟子主张“民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻”,墨子认为“民为立国之本",西汉贾谊更是提出了“民为政本”的思想。不难看出,党中央在十六届三中全会中提出的“以人为本”思想是植根于中国传统优秀文化土壤中的,而以人为本思想从古到今都蕴含在治国、行政的实践当中。 以德行政包含着两个方面的内容。其一,是行政体制的道德化,在行政体制设计中,包含着行政道德的生成机制,提供鼓励有道德的行政行为和防止不道德行政行为的氛围;其二,是行政人员的道德化,使行政人员在其行政行为中贯彻道德原则成为一种风尚。本文以行政组织设计的道德化,行政主体、行政客体的道德化入手,阐述了落实以人为本思想所必需的原则与要求。原则是依法行政普遍适用的准则,贯穿于行政活动的各个方面。要求是基于行政自由裁量权而提出的。为了防止自由裁量行为变成专横行为,防止行政行为偏离以人为本的轨道,对行政主体提出了高于普通群众的道德要求。同时,为了营造和谐的行政氛围,力求发挥行政客体的督促作用,保证以德行政的实施,对行政客体的道德也进行了不同寻常的提升与规范。 畅想了行政体制的道德化,行政人员的道德化之后,就为行政实践过程全面贯彻以人为本提供了道德上的支持,从而实现以德行政。以德行政就意味着行政权力的合法性,不容置疑,人们对行政权力会发自内心的拥护与遵从;意味着行政决策会科学合理,决不盲目;意味着行政执行会以德服人,决不粗暴蛮干;意味着行政监督会法理情交融,不留漏洞……行政人员在以人为本的理念下,会道德的行为,而有道德的行政实践,才会把一切为了人、一切依靠人的人本思想贯彻落实。二者在互相坚持砥砺中,得到了发展,从而使行政生态得到改善,政府治理能力有了全面提升,公共利益,私人利益得到了普遍提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese tradition of rule with virtue is of long standing and well established which was in pace with long course of social development of civilization. In the spring-autumn and warring dynasty, the Confucianism which mainly represented by Confucius, mencius, xun-zi established an ideology on the basis of "rule with virtue", "rule with virtue and win the people’s heart", mencius maintains "the mass is expensive, the state takes secom place, and the governors are the last", Mo-zi believed: "the people are the fundamental elements of countries", Jia-yi, a thinker of xi-han dynasty, who put forward the thought that the people are the basis of one country’s policy, it is not difficult to see, the policy of "taking human as the basis" which was put forward by the central party committee in the third plenary session of the 16th party central committee, are deeply rooted in the Chinese traditional outstanding cultural background. And this policy embodies in the administrative practices of running the country from ancient times to the present.The policy of rule with virtue contains two sides, one is the moralization of administrative systems, which including the original system of the administrative ethics and provide an atmosphere of encouraging moral administrative behaviors or preventing immoral ones, the other is the moralization of administrative staff, and make the administrative staff’s moral behaviors as a new social morality and custom, this thesis start from the moralization of the design of the administrative systems, the administrative subject and object, elaborate the indispensable rules or requests for the policy of "taking human as the basis". The rules are those which generally used in the legally administrations. The requests are on the basis of judging rights in the administrative liberty, in order to prevent the free judgment from the autocratic one as well as preventing the administrative acts from更多还原