【作者】 李英；

【导师】 张学敏；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2005， 硕士

【副题名】重庆市城口县的调查与思考

【摘要】 长期以来,投入不足是困扰我国基础教育发展的主要难题,特别在农村实行税费改革以后,农村义务教育以财政拨款为主,农村教育费附加、教育集资和学生杂费为辅的多渠道投入的基本格局发生了重大变化,财政拨款外加杂费收入成为农村义务教育投入的单一渠道。在此基础上出台的“一费制”规范教育收费问题的同时,又一次触动了农村义务教育财政管理体制乃至整个教育投入体制的“软肋”。 从2001年部分贫困地区试行,到2003年全国贫困县的普遍推行和部分省市的率先推广,再到2004年包括城市范围内的全面实行,“一费制”正经历着一个从初试身手的“雏鹰”到羽翼丰满的“雄鹰”的过程。它以其规范的措施,刚性的规定,似斩向教育乱收费“黑手”的一把利剑,取得了可喜成效。但是,“一费制”实施的制度环境对其发挥正面作用至关重要。而目前我国的实际情况是,各级财政对教育投入的分担体制尚未健全,由此造成了农村教育投入的“空档”,产生了一系列有违初衷的现实状况:公用经费短缺,学校运行困难,教学条件恶劣,教学质量下降;农村中小学负债问题突出;城乡义务教育差距扩大等等。 通过调查研究发现,“一费制”内部的制度性缺陷以及外部义务教育投入与保障体制的不完善是导致“一费制”学校经费短缺以及各种问题的两大主要原因。本文运用价格管制理论,剖析了当前“一费制”制度的合理性,并通过讨论义务教育成本分担的特殊性提出了“一费制”在具体推行中需要进一步改进的措施。最后,提出要做到既减轻农民的经济负担,又让教育事业健康发展的关键还在于完善我国义务教育投入与保障体制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The scarcity of education investment is a big problem that always hinders our elementary education. Since the reform of fee and tax in countryside was carried out, the basic structure of the multi-ways investment of compulsory education of countryside has changed greatly, the financial investment and tuition become the main income of compulsory education of countryside. Under this background, "The system of one-time payment" not only can regulate the educational fee, but also touch the "weakness" of the countryside even the whole investment system of education again."The system of one-time payment" began at some of poverty-stricken zones in 2001, then spread in countryside and experimented in some of cities in 2003, and carried out fully throughout the country. It is growing up from a "new-born hawk" to "mature hawk", and like a sword stabbing at the illegal fee of education. We know that the systematical circumstances propel "the system of one-time payment" is very important, but there are still many drawbacks in our financial investment system of education. Therefore, these induce a series of problems that we unexpected: the public funds are insufficient and schools can’t run well; teaching facility is bad and the quality of teaching is falling; the debt question in elementary and secondary schools is heavy; the gap of compulsory education between the urban area and the rural one is further large, etc.Through investigation, we find that the internal defects of "the system of one-time payment" and outer drawbacks of the investment system of compulsory education are the tow main reasons that induce so serious problems. This article applies the theory of price regulation to analyze the rationality of "the system of one-time payment", discusses the specialty of cost share of compulsive education, and puts forward a series of measures that rectify "the system of one-time payment" and the whole investment system of compulsory education.更多还原