【作者】 杨贤松；

【导师】 高峰；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 甘薯[Ipomoea batatas(L)Lam]是一种重要的粮食、工业原料、饲料及保健食品作物,而病毒病已成为甘薯种质退化、产量减少和品质下降的重要原因。通过茎尖培养获得脱毒种苗是目前防治甘薯病毒病传播和危害最为有效的措施。 紫色甘薯是新近开发出的一类具有独特颜色性状和经济利用价值的特色品种类型,其薯块富含具有明显抗氧化作用的花青素,是一种较好的提取天然花色苷类色素的植物资源,已引起国内外的广泛关注。 本研究对紫色甘薯各品系或品种色素的含量进行了比较。还对从日本引种的14个紫色甘薯品系或品种进行了形态标记(26项指标)和同工酶标记鉴定,选用过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、细胞色素氧化酶(CYT)、淀粉酶(AMY)、酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)等六种同工酶系统进行同工酶分析,并对结果进行聚类。此外,对日本引种的紫色甘薯进行了病毒病检测。同时,为探索获得紫色甘薯无病毒种苗的有效途径,以紫色甘薯的茎尖为外植体,通过正交设计的方法,对影响紫色甘薯脱毒的各种因素进行研究,优化出最佳的培养基配方,建立了紫色甘薯茎尖脱毒繁育体系。现将结果报道如下: 1.不同品系或品种紫色甘薯的色素含量比较 采用酸性溶剂法直接从紫色甘薯块根中浸提出色素,并对各品系或品种的色素含量进行比较,结果表明,不同基因型紫色甘薯的色素含量差异较大,其中A1、A2、A5、A7(OD值>0.35)及B1、B2、B3、B7、B8(0.35>OD值>0.25)等品种(系)色素含量较高,是值得进一步选择和培育的群体。 2.日本引种的紫色甘薯的品系鉴定 根据通用的甘薯鉴定性状及其生长期记载标准,选择其中26项指标作为形态鉴定参数进行聚类分析。结果表明,所有供试品系或品种分成6类:Ⅰ类包括A1、A2、A7;Ⅱ类包括B1～B3、B7和B8;Ⅲ类只有A5;Ⅳ类包括A3、A4、A6;Ⅴ类只有B9;Ⅵ类只有“山川紫”。 比较和分析紫色甘薯叶片、叶柄、茎段和块根等四种不同器官的SOD、AMY、POD、CYT、MDH、EST等六种酶同工酶酶谱。结果表明,紫色甘薯不同器官的同更多还原

【Abstract】 Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.) is an important crop which can be used as foods, industrial raw materials, feedstuff and health goods, however, it was found out that virus diseases were the key factor to its genetic characterization degeneration, output reduction and quality decline. At present, obtaining virus-free plants by means of meristem tip culture was the available solution to deal with the problem.Purple sweet potato is an excellent type of sweet potato cultivar with distinctive colour properties and economic value which developed recently, and purple sweet potato colorant, derived from purple sweet potato storage roots, is a natural anthocyanin pigment which shows functions of antioxidation and concerned by home and abroad.In this paper, the contents of pigment derived from 14 strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato were compared. In addition, 26 morphological markers and six isozymes (amylase, peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase, superoxide dismutase, malate dehydrogenase and esterase) markers of 14 strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato introduced from Japan were studied, and UPGMA dendrograms of 14 strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato based on morphological and isozyme markers analysis were available. Moreover, the virus infection in 14 strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato introduced from Japan was surveyed. Meanwhile, the meristem tip of purple sweet potato was used as explant to find out effective way of in vitro culture, with orthogonal design, we tried to find out the best medium composition and to establish a technique system of tip culture of virus-free purple sweet potato, and some factors affected on virus elimination of purple sweet potato by stem tip culture and several diagnostic methods for detecting virus diseases were studied. The research work and results were reported as following:1 Comparison of the contents of pigment derived from 14 strains or cultivars of purple sweet potatoThe pigment were extracted from purple sweet potato storage roots by acid solution, and the contents of pigment derived from 14 strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato introduced from Japan were compared. The results show that the contents of pigment were different among the different genotype of purple sweet potato, among them: the contents of pigment derived from A1、 A2、 A5 、A7 (OD>0.35) and B1、 B2、 B3、 B7、 B8 (0.35 >OD>0.25) were higher, so, the above-mentioned purple sweet potato were worth to select and breed.2 Strains identification of purple sweet potato introduced from Japan26 morphological markers were used to study cluster analysis in 14 strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato introduced from Japan by unweighted pair group method arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The results indicated that 14 strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato were divided into 6 large groups: group I include A1、 A2、 A7; group II include B1~B3、 B7 and B8; group Ⅲ only include A5; group Ⅳ include A3、 A4、 A6; group Ⅴ only include B9; group Ⅵ only include "ShanChuanZi".Comparison and analysis of isozyme patterns of the six enzyme (amylase, peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase, superoxide dismutase, malate dehydrogenase and esterase) in stem, leaf , petiole and storage root of purple sweet potato, the results showed that the isozyme bands from leaves were clear and stable, and analysis of isozyme can be used to analyze the affinity among different strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato.The results of isozyme analysis in leaves of strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato show that the number of isozyme bands of peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase were 13, 11 and 10 , respectively. But that of amylase, esterase and malate dehydrogenase were only 4,7 and 7, respectively.The results of cluster in leaves of strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato based on isozyme analysis indicated that 14 strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato were divided into 7 large groups: group Ⅰ include A1、 A2、 A7; group Ⅱ include B1~B3; group Ⅲ include B7 and B8; group Ⅳ only include B9; group V include A3 、 A4、 A6; group Ⅳ only include A5; group Ⅶ only include "ShanChuanZi".The results of cluster analysis based on morphological markers and isozyme markers were similar, which also show A5, B9 and "ShanChuanZi" were different strains or cultivars of purple sweet potato. Meanwhile, the relationship among A1, A2 and A7, A3, A4 and A6 was much close, respectively. The relationship among B1~B3, between B7 and B8, was much near, respectively.更多还原