【作者】 韩阳；

【导师】 项卫星；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界经济， 2005， 硕士

【副题名】兼论我国信用体系的建设

【摘要】 在全球经济一体化趋势日益加快的背景下,作为世界上最具发展潜力和最大的发展中国家,中国经济的发展在全球经济发展中的作用日益凸现。中国的信用体系建设不仅是市场经济体系建设的客观要求和优化投资软环境的重大举措,而且对世界经济的发展也有重大的影响。建设与国际接轨的社会信用体系是我国的当务之急。美国作为公认的信用经济发达的国家, 其信用体系构架合理、特征鲜明,但也存在着某些缺陷。研究美国信用体系,对我国信用体系的建设具有重大的借鉴意义。鉴于目前我国的信用体系尚不健全、信用的缺失等问非常严重,我们要提高全民的信用意识、树立信用理念,并且从行政管理、法律约束以及政府引导等方面着手,加快我国信用体系建设的步伐。更多还原

【Abstract】 The basic principle of commodity exchange is equivalent exchange.Either part concerned must comply with the credit, as a result a co-trustingeconomic relation is formed. It has been proved that a more developedmarket-oriented economy demands more honesty people. Now, credit has beenthe spirit of market-oriented economy, which constitutes the important basisand symbol of modern civilization. With china’s entry into WTO, it isnecessary to constitute a reasonable credit system coincident with internationalcommunity.The existence of the asymmetric information is the basic reason to doresearch on credit problem. Setting up a high-efficient signal transmissionmechanism to overcome or eliminate asymmetric information is our ultimatepurpose. It is necessary to establish a mechanism of information transmission,supervision and management in accordance with commodity market, which isnamely called credit system. In theory, the credit system is composed of aninternal transmission mechanism and an external as well. The former is notonly the center of credit system, but also the task execution system of thesystem. The concrete job of credit system is to solve the contradict ionbetween credit commodity supply and demand and balance them. The creditmechanism has two extreme points, which are imparter and accepter. Theformer is the supplier of credit commodity and the latter is the demander. Theexternal transmission mechanism can be called directly three systemsincluding legal system, supervision system and management system. Each ofthem does cooperate with and affect each other. Among them, the legalmechanism is the most powerful guarantee of the three parts. It is also themain solution of preventing and dissolving the credit risks. Under thecondition of asymmetric information, the system of credit consisting ofinternal transmission mechanism and three systems should possess suchcharacteristics as fairness, public beneficial, mutual beneficial, mandatory,universal and alternative, etc.One component of the transmission mechanism of American creditsystem is the supplier of credit commodity, which is also the intermediaryinstitute. The other is demander of credit commodity. The intermediaryinstitute can be divided into three parts: the first is the supplier of credit incapital market such as some ranking corporations whose customer arecountries, banks, securities companies, fund and listing corporations; thesecond is the supplier of credit in commodity market such as the creditcorporations whose customers are middle and small sized enterprises; the thirdis the supplier to consumers whose often provide personal credit investigationreport to their customers. Meanwhile, because of the credit sense of main bodyin market, the accepting part of credit commodity in credit transmissionmechanism exists widely.The external transmission mechanism in American credit system: legalsystem, supervision system and management system are very wholesome. Theperfect legal system about varies fields of credit management put the wholeprocess of credit commodity’s production, marketing and using into thecategory of law. The supervision system of American credit system is mainlyfrom the government department and credit supervising and enforcementagencies. They can be divided into two categories: banking and non-bankingagencies. The former includes 0ffice of Comptroller of the Currency, FederalReserve System and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The latterincludes Department of Justice, Federal Trade Commission, National CreditUnion Administration and Office of Thrift Supervision, etc. The creditmanagement system in America is composed of three subsystems---nationalmanagement, industry management and education management. The threesubsystems permeate and interact with each other. It is only for theircooperation with the internal transmission mechanism that ensures the perfectoperation of the American credit system.The American credit system reflects the basic connotation of credit andcredit product in market-oriented economy. In summary, there are fouroutstanding characteristics: firstly, it is necessary to put enough emphasis oninformation sharing mechanism, which provides huge information resourcesdatabases for the establishment of credit system; secondly, attention to thecredit product, especially the application of credit ranking result is also onemain characteristic, because it creates a good market environment for thedevelopment of credit service industry; thirdly, it pays much attention toproduct the legal right of consumers, which lay a consolidated foundation forthe establishment of credit product exchange; finally, the American creditsystem does emphasize the market-based operation of credit service enterprise.It is helpful to foster more new service industries, which have a strong abilityon credit product process. Of course, there are also some defects in Americancredit system. The credit crisis of American capital market in 2002 exposed itsmain problem: one is the imbalance between the legal institutions andsupervision measures concerning the listing corporations and the incentives of更多还原