【作者】 杨廷良；

【导师】 崔国贤；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以“湘苎三号”和“多倍体二号”为材料,采用土培、珍珠岩培养并结合田间试验的方法,研究了钙在苎麻植株中的含量、分布和吸收状况,以及钙对苎麻纤维产量与品质的影响。主要的研究结论如下: 1、苎麻不同生育时期不同器官中以叶片钙的含量为最高,苎麻叶片是钙的主要累积部位,叶片中的钙占植株总钙量的比例随着生育期的推进而下降。高钙处理时钙的吸收集中于生育中期和后期,低钙和不施钙处理时钙的吸收集中于生育前期和中期。 2、适量的钙能促进苎麻对N、P、K、Mg、Ca等营养元素的吸收,并且随着施钙量的增加,这些营养元素被苎麻吸收的总量随之增大,但只有施钙水平较高时,钙才能显著促进这些营养元素被苎麻所吸收利用。 3、在珍珠岩培养条件下,当培养液中Ca浓度为0～250mg/kg时,苎麻功能叶中N的含量随着培养液中Ca浓度的增大而上升,而苎麻功能叶片中P的含量基本不受培养液中Ca浓度影响。苎麻功能叶中K、Ca、Mg的含量因金属离子间的拮抗而都存在最大值,在最大值前各元素含量依次递增,在最大值后又依次递减。K、Ca的含量在Ca浓度为150mg/kg时达到最大,而Mg则因品种不同而不同:“湘苎三号”功能叶中的Mg的含量在Ca浓度为150mg/kg时达到最大,“多倍体二号”则在Ca浓度为100mg/kg时达到最大。 4、钙、氮配施时,苎麻功能叶中N和Ca的含量,黑杆期高于旺长期,且随着钙的施用量的增大而升高。 5、钙能促进苎麻根部的发育,增加地上部干物质的累积量。在一定的施钙水平内,钙能增加株高、茎粗、皮厚和出麻率,施钙量与苎麻的株高和茎粗显著正相关,说明在一定的钙水平下,钙能提高苎麻的株高和茎粗,从而提高苎麻的单株产量。在田间试验条件下,可能是试验受到灾害性天气的干扰较大,各小区的苎麻产量都比较低,施钙处理产量虽比对照有少量增加,但增产效果没有达到显著水平。 6、珍珠岩培养条件下,钙能提高苎麻纤维的纤维支数、单纤维断裂强力、含胶率和残胶率。当Hoagland培养液中Ca的浓度在0～150mg/kg范围内时,苎麻纤维的纤维支数、单更多还原

【Abstract】 In this research, XiangZhu No.3 and Tri-2 were selected to serve as experiment materials. The content, the distribution and the absorption condition of calcium in ramie plant, and effects on yield of fiber and quality of ramie under different Ca Levels were studied with earth cultivation, pearlite pot and field experiment. Main research results were as follows:1 .The content of Ca was the highest in the leaves of ramie in different growth stages and different organs. The blade of ramie was the main accumulation position of Ca. The absorption to Ca was mainly concentrated on the middle stage and the late stage of growth under a high level of Ca. When Ca was under a low level or Ca was not applied, the absorption to Ca was mainly concentrated on the early stage and the middle stage of growth.2.An optimum amount of Ca could promote the absorption of such nutrition elements as N, P, K, Mg, Ca of ramie plant. The amount of these elements absorbed by ramie increased when the usage of Ca increased. When the usage of Ca was on a high level, Ca could promote the absorption and utilization of these elements notably by ramie.3.Under the condition of pearlite cultivation, the content of N in the functional leaves of ramie increased with the density of Ca rising when the density of Ca in the nourishing liquid of Hoagland was 0 - 250 mg/kg, but the content of P in the functional leaves of ramie was not influenced by the density of Ca. The contents of K, Ca, Mg in the functional leaves were of a maximum because the ions resisted each other. The contents of these elements increased sequentially before the maximum and decreased sequentially on the back of the maximum. The contents of K and Ca reached the maximum when the density of Ca was 150 mg/kg. When the content of Mg in the leaves reached the maximum, the density of Ca was not uniform between the different varieties: Xiangzhu No.3 150 mg/kg but Tri-2 100 mg/kg.4.The contents of N and Ca in the functional leaves of the black pole stage were higher than that of the fast-growing stage and the content of N and Ca in the functional leaves of ramie increased with the usage of Ca rising when Ca and N were applied on the same time.更多还原