【作者】 冯斌；

【导师】 杨道德；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 野生动物保护与利用， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 自从1998年33头麇鹿从湖北石首麇鹿国家级自然保护区外逸,其中8头逃到了杨波坦,另有25头横渡长江,逃到了长江南岸的马船村,成为了真正的野生种群。为了弄清野生麇鹿种群的种群情况和发展趋势,实施野生种群和生境监测,促进麇鹿种群顺利复壮、野化,笔者自2004年2月份开始,至2005年4月,每个月平均10天在长江南岸的马船村、三合垸、长江北岸的扬波坦和自然保护区内对麇鹿种群进行观察、比对和走访,取得了较为详实可靠的数据,分析后得出以下结论。 野生麇鹿种群在野放的状态下,以30%以上的年平均增长率扩大。野生麇鹿种群逻辑斯谛增长曲线呈“J”形,其增长模型为N_t=33e^0.247t,种群的瞬时增长率达到了0.247,野生麇鹿种群在达到5.773岁的生命期望之前,还将以较快的速度增长。 在自然环境中,野生麇鹿种群在行为生态多样性较自然保护区内的麇鹿种群丰富,表现出许多自然保护区内种群所未能表达的行为空间。例如野生麇鹿个体更加健壮、和自然保护区内麇鹿种群在发情和交配上提前5—7d时间、控群行为丰富化等等,都是野生种群面对压力所产生的生态对策。 在不同的季节野生麇鹿种群对栖息地生境要求不同,野生麇鹿白天用大多数时间来休息,摄食集中于清晨和傍晚。草地是野生麇鹿的主要进食场所。无论是否处于发情期,树林都是野生麇鹿种群的最喜生境。 现在野生麇鹿种群有146头,而野生麇鹿种群栖息地的植物可供1000头左右的野生麇鹿食用,秋冬季野生麇鹿种群的饲料仍然是以新鲜草类为主。 但是,由于野生麇鹿种群的过快发展,周围居民的生产生活受到了一定程度的影响,甚至发生了冲突。因此,进行社区共管,理顺关系,利用麇鹿作为龙头产业带动其它一系列产业,促进地方经济的发展,缓解自然保护区的经济压力,实现双赢,将不和谐的因素最小化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the ease outside the national-level nature reserve of David’s deer of Shishou Hubei of 33 David’s deer of 1998, 8 among them run away to Yangbotan, have 25 besides crossed the Changjiang River, run away to the Machuan village of south bank of Changjiang River, have become the real wild population. In order to clarify the population situation of the wild David’s deer’s population and the development trend, implement wild population and habitat to monitor, promote David’s deer’s population to reply smoothly strongly and melt wildly, since February of 2004, until April of 2005, on average in each on the month, I go on observing, contrasting and visiting at the Machuan village of the south bank of Changjiang River, Sanheyuan, Yangbotan of the north bank of Changjiang River and the nature reserve. At last, obtaining the comparatively full and accurate data, I draw the following conclusion after analysing.Under the wild state putting out, David’s deer’s population’s annual average rate of increase expands more than 30%. Wild David’s deer population logic growth curve takes the form of" J ", its growth model is Nt =33e0. 247t.The instantaneous rate of increase of the population is up to 0.247.Tthe wild David’s deer’s population will increase at quicker speed before it is up to 5.773 years old expecting.Under the natural environment, the ecological variety of the behavior of wild David’s deer is more abundant than the population in the nature reserve, and it demonstrates the behavior space that the population fails to express in the nature reserves. For example, wild David’s deer individual is more stalwart, it advance 3-5 days before the population in the nature reserve in in heat and mating, and the behavior of controlling the group is more abundant and so on. That is the ecological countermeasure when the wild population faces the pressure.The wild David’s deer requires the habitat differently in different seasons. The wild David’s deer spends most time having a rest in the daytime, ingests to concentrate on in early morning and at dusk. The meadow is the eating place mainly of a wild David’s deer. No matter in oestrous, the woods are all liking the habitat for the most of wild David’s deer’s.Wild David’s deer population has 146 now, but the plant in the habitat can support 1000 heads about wild David’s deer eating. The fodder of the wild David’s deer’s population still takes fresh grasses as the core in autumn and winter.However, wild David’s deer’s population increases quickly, the life and production of residents around has been influenced by a certain degree, even conflicted. So, carry on更多还原