【作者】 黄丽华；

【导师】 陈训；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文从形态解剖、生长发育的节律、光合生理特性以及种子萌发生理等生物学特性方面对喀斯特适生经济植物黄褐毛忍冬(Lonicerafulvotomentosa)进行了较为系统的研究,得出以下结论:(1)在形态解剖上,黄褐毛忍冬根茎中含有发育良好的周皮和输导组织,导管密度大,横截面宽,周皮的形成具有节制蒸腾、通气作用和保护组织免受外界环境影响的作用,宽的导管对水分的输导效率高;叶片密被绒毛,面积较小,气孔密度大、开度小,厚的角质层和发育良好的木质部和栅栏组织等是典型的旱生结构;黄褐毛忍冬花粉近球形,具3 孔沟,表面具均匀分布的小刺,刺间具网状纹理。花粉形态是分类学上的一个重要特征,对种及种下的分类有重要意义;成熟的果实具种子 1～18 粒不等,单个果序果多者可达 135 个浆果,果径 0.7～0.8cm。(2)在生长发育上,黄褐毛忍冬具有发达的根系,分枝能力强,根以 4 月上旬至 8 月下旬生长最快,茎的年生长量 30～300cm,10 龄以上黄褐毛忍冬冠幅最大可达 24m2 ,地径可达 8cm;3～4 年生黄褐毛忍冬可开花结实,一个节间可开 10～22 束花,一株最多开花25 斤,花的药用价值很高。(3)在生理上,黄褐毛忍冬蒸腾速率日变化呈双峰曲线,光合速率的日变化为单峰曲线,并受到光照强度、大气温度、大气相对湿度等环境因子综合作用的影响,其中温度对蒸腾速率的影响最大,相关系数为 0.752,光照强度对光合速率的影响最大,相关系数为 0.759,气孔开度的日进程与蒸腾速率日进程趋势相一致;黄褐毛忍冬水分利用效率最高值出现在上午 8:00 左右;用赤霉素浸泡处理能使黄褐毛忍冬种子发芽迅速而整齐,25℃以下时,种子的发芽率随着温度的下降而逐渐下降,而 28℃时的发芽率与 25℃基本保持一致,光照条件下的发芽率略高于黑暗中的发芽率。因此,黄褐毛忍冬生态效益好,药用价值高,具有一定的耐干旱,耐瘠薄,强抗寒的能力,把黄褐毛忍冬作为主要的经济、生态资源植物之一,在贵州省典型的喀斯特地貌区花江大峡谷引种栽培,已经获得成功。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper made a systematic research on Lonicerafulvotomentosa Hsu et S.C. Cheng, which grows well inkarst areas, from its biological characteristics, such asmorphology, growth and physiology. The main conclusions asfollows:(1)From the viewpoint of morphological anatomy, it hastypical xerophyte structures such as well-developed epidermisand tissues that transport water effectively, small leaf area,dense floss under the leaf surface, high stoma density, thesmall opening degree, thick cuticle, well-developed xylem andpalisade tissues, etc. The pollen of L. fulvotomentosa isseems to be spherical, and has 3 grooves, much bulge on theepidermis evenly. The shape of pollen is an important featureon taxonomy. The ripe fruit has from 1 to 18 seeds, some fruitbranch has 135 berry, its diameter is up to 0.8 centimeter.(2)From the viewpoint of growth, L. fulvotomentosa has strongroot system, powerful branching ability, the root grows rapidlyfrom April to August, the stem grows from 30 to 300 centimetereach year, 10 years of L. fulvotomentosa, diameter can add upto 8 centimeter. L. fulvotomentosa of 3 or 4 years can bloomand bear fruit, the weight of some plant,s flower can reach 25jin, and the flower is good for medicine. (3)From the viewpointof physiology, its diurnal variation of transpiration rateseems to be double peak curve, photosynthesis rate to be asingle peak curve, which are related with illumination, airtemperature, air relative humidity, and so on. Moreover, airtemperature is the best important aspect with the transpirationrate, its correlation coefficient is 0.752, however,illumination influences photosynthesis rate to a great extent,its correlation coefficient is 0.759. The diurnal variation ofthe stoma,s opening degree is consistent with transpirationrate, the highest value of its water use efficiency appears ateight in the morning. Soaked in GA3 solution for 24 hours, theseeds germinated more quickly than those having not been soaked.The germination percentage falls according to the decent oftemperature below 25 centigrade, the germination percentage of28 centigrade is consistent with 25 centigrade, and thegermination percentage in sunlight is higher than in dark.Therefore, L. fulvotomentosa has good ecological effect andmedical worth, has the ability of bearing dry, barren, cold,and chooses it as main economic and ecological resource plantsin Guizhou karst area, have already achieved success.更多还原