【作者】 于洋；

【导师】 任国栋；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 异跗节类Heteromera隶属鞘翅目Coleoptera多食亚目Polyphaga,包括跗节5-5-4式、4-4-4式和雄性跗节异式的种类;是鞘翅目分类研究最为薄弱、进化关系十分不清的特大类群。迄今全世界已知31科4万余种,我国已知20科约1900种,除拟步甲科Tenebrionidae等少数科研究工作较多外,大部分类群长期无人做分类研究,“本底”极为不清,影响到整个鞘翅目系统进化研究的进程。故对其研究势在必行。现将研究结果分3部分总结于后。 第1部分:主要从分类地位和国内外分类研究概况等方面介绍异跗节类昆虫的基本情况。 第2部分:介绍了异跗节类昆虫科级阶元的成、幼虫形态特征、生活习性、地理分布和种属数量。使用现代支序系统学软件对15个中国种类的进化关系进行了初步推断和分析。研究结果表明,所研究的异跗节类由5个进化群构成,其进化关系依次为:坚甲科Colyiidae、幽甲科Zopheridae→小蕈甲科Mycetophagidae、拟花蚤科Scraptiidae→拟步甲科Tenebrionidae、三栉牛科Trictenotomidae、斑蕈甲科Tetratomidae→长朽木甲科Melandryidae、花蚤科Mordellidae、大花蚤科Rhipiphoridae→拟天牛科Oedemeridae、蚁形甲科Anthicidae、木蕈甲科Aderidae、赤翅甲科Pyrochroidae、芫菁科Meloidae。 第3部分:以拟步甲科为主,对12科39种异跗节类昆虫的成虫口器结构进行了描绘,并对拟步甲科内不同食性甲虫间口器的进化关系进行了推测和分析,得出黄拟步甲Tenebrio molitor→巴长刺甲Platyscelis bagatshevi、宽漠王Mantichorula grandis→腹伪叶甲Lagria ventralis→弯股邻烁甲Plesiophthalmus cruralis、四突齿甲Uloma excise、弯胫大粉甲Promethis valgipes的初步进化顺序。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heteromera belongs to the Suborder Polyphaga of Coleoptera. This group comprises more than 40,000 species of 31 families all over the world, and only about 1,900 species have been reported in our fauna. It’s perhaps the most diffcult in the whole order to divide into well-characterised families.The present paper consists of 3 parts approximately. In the first part, the important characters, the change of classificatory status and the general research on the world of Heteromera are summarized.The second part is a detailed account of the adult and larval morphology, behaviour, distribution and phyletic construction of each family. A cladistic analysis of phylogenetic relationships among 15 families from China is made by using the Hennig86 program. The result shows as follow:Colyiidae, Zopheridae→Mycetophagidae, Scraptiidae→Tenebrionidae, Trictenotomidae, Tetratomidae→Melandryidae, Mordellidae, Rhipiphoridae→Oedemeridae, Anthicidae, Aderidae, Pyrochroidae, Meloidae.The third one is a research on mouthpart structure of 39 species in 12 families from China. In the end, 7 mouthpart structures of adult tenebrionid beetles are analyzed using the cladistic method and the Hennig86 software, and the evolutionary relationship of different trophy in Tenebrionidae is that: Tenebrio molitor→ Platyscelis bagatshevi, Mantichorula grandis→Lagria ventralis→Plesiophthalmus cruralis, Uloma excise, Promethis valgipes.更多还原