【作者】 王介勇；

【导师】 赵庚星；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 土地管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球变化研究的深入和发展,土地利用变化及其对环境的影响研究已成为目前全球变化研究的前沿和热点课题,特别是生态环境脆弱区的土地利用效应研究。本研究以土地利用为切入点,以1987 和2000 年两期TM 影像为信息源,并结合其他调查统计资料,在遥感图像处理软件和GIS的支持下,首先进行了土地利用分类,然后在分析研究区土地利用格局特征及生态环境脆弱性的基础上,研究了垦利县生态环境脆弱性的土地利用效应,并利用土地利用信息指数构建了TEVI 和EVI,为生态环境脆弱性研究提供了新的思路,同时也为土地利用环境影响研究提供了新的案例。以TM 影像为信息源,依据土地空间形态的一致性、植被覆盖特征和影像自身特征进行土地利用分类,并在GIS 软件和景观格局分析软件的支持下进行土地利用格局及其动态分析,揭示土地利用格局及其变化的生态学意义。盐碱荒地占总面积的30%左右,且与其他类型景观的关系密切,连通性强,盐碱荒地是研究区基质;林草苇地面积减少4.63 个百分点,数目减少了277 个,居民建设用地和水田的分维数最小,旱耕地的分离度最小,林草苇地和盐碱荒地与其他利用类型之间的转换最频繁;西部地区的异质性高于东部,从1987 到2000 年,景观的异质性程度增加。生态环境脆弱性的实质是生态系统物能结构的不协调,即由生态环境系统中各因子的类型、数量和空间配置以及基于此的物质循环和能量流动的不匹配造成的波动性和易变性。黄河三角洲水、盐时空的不均衡性是其生态环境脆弱的实质。脆弱的生态环境表现为敏感性强,退化趋势明显,生态恢复能力弱。系统分析了垦利县生态环境脆弱因子,并在此基础上进行了脆弱性评价,评价结果表明:垦利县生态环境表现出较强的脆弱特征,研究区约81%面积的生态环境脆弱性呈显性,而且约45%的面积为显性强脆弱;生态环境脆弱程度空间分布表现出两个明显的特征,一是从西南向东北,随着黄河向渤海的延伸,脆弱程度逐渐增强。在垦利县东北部,生态环境脆弱度值沿黄河河道成对称性分布,而且在河道垂直剖面上,离河道越近脆弱程度越低;二是生态环境脆弱程度平行于海岸线呈条带状分布,离海岸线的距离越近脆弱程度越高。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of the globe change research, the study of land use/land cover change and its environmental effects has been a key element and afocus, especially the land use effects of vulnerable environment system.Taking Kenli County, Yellow River Delta as the study area, based on extensivedata collection such as TM digital data, we extracted the landscapeinformation of year 1987 and 2000 using ISODATA remote sensingclassification. Then the landscape pattern and its dynamic change wereanalyzed, and environmental vulnerability and its cause of formation wereexplored. Based on the former study, the land use effects of environmentalvulnerability were detected, and then TEVI (Environmental Vulnerabilityindex of land use types) and EVI (Environmental Vulnerability index) werebuilt using land use information indexes. This study not only offered new ideasfor the study of environmental vulnerability, but also provided a new case forthe research of land use effects to environment.Taking TM image as the data resource, landscape classification wasacquired according to the conformable of land spatial shape, the cover ofvegetation, and the characteristic of remote sensing image. Based on GIS andlandscape software, landscape structure and pattern were analyzed. The resultsshow: the total area of saline and barren land is about 30% of the integratelandscape, which is the matrix of the landscape with higher connective; thePLAND of forest and grass land was decreased on 4.63 percent, the numbersof reduced by 277, urban construction land and paddy field remained thelowest Fractal Dimension index, the patch isolation index of dry land is thelowest, and it is the most frequent change between forest and grass land orsaline and barren land and other land types. The heterogeneity indexes of eastregion were lower than west region; from year 1987 to 2000, the landscapeheterogeneity is on the increase.It is the point of environmental vulnerability that the structures of matterand energy were not well action, that is to say, it cause environmentalvulnerability that the configuration and distribution of ecosystem elements that更多还原