【作者】 高莉敏；

【导师】 陈运起； 于贤昌；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以山东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所大葱课题组收集的38 个大葱品种为材料,根据内容需要作不同取舍。采取主要数量性状聚类分析、相关性分析和RAPD 技术等方法,对大葱品种进行了类群划分;对大葱主要数量性状进行了相关性分析。研究结果如下: 1.聚类分析与大葱品种类群划分。本文以来自不同地区的23 个棒状大葱品种为试材,测定和统计了11 个数量性状,采用Q 型聚类方法,对大葱品种的数量性状进行了系统聚类分析,将23 个棒状大葱品种分为高细型、高粗型、矮细型、矮粗型四个类型。通过逐步判别分析,在0.0001水平上选入叶扁宽和葱白指数这两个变量作为大葱分类的判别性状。用这两个性状建立的判别分类函数分别为: 矮粗型大葱y1=-687.5+278.5x6+27.3x9 高粗型大葱:y2=-710.5+278.1x6+28.7x9 矮细型大葱:y3=-538.2+238.3x6+25.6x9 高细型大葱:y4=-747.5+274.7x6+31x9 将叶扁宽(x6)与葱白指数(x9)代入这四个函数,哪一个数值最大说明此类大葱属于哪个类型。将23 个大葱品种代入上述判别函数中进行回判,准确率达91.3%。说明聚类结果是有效的。2.大葱主要数量性状相关性分析。本文以21 个大葱品种为材料,对品种内个体间差异较大的分开取样,共取材料38 份,对大葱的10 个主要数量性状进行了测量统计和相关分析、通径分析、回归分析、主成分分析、因子分析等。相关分析结果表明:株高、葱白长、葱白直径、叶长、叶扁宽、光合叶片数、叶锁口间距等性状均与单株重呈极显著正相关。通径分析和回归分析结果表明:葱白长、葱白直径、叶扁宽、光合叶片数是影响单株重的主要因素。主成分分析和因子分析将大葱的主要性状缩减为三个主成分,主分量Ⅰ包含的信息占总信息量的55.55%为最大,可以把主分量Ⅰ看作是大葱高型因子、主分量Ⅱ体现了总信息量的21.28%,可以把主分量Ⅱ看作是大葱粗型因子、主分量Ⅲ占总信息量的9.37%,可以把主分量Ⅲ看作是大葱光合因子。在育种中适当的对这三个主成分进行选择即可获得理想的高产的大葱材料。通过对大葱单株重与其它性状的分析,了更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted in Shandong academy of agricultural science, using 38 cultivars collected by breeding office of vegetable graduate school of SAAS. We classified these welsh-onions and conducted analysis on main quantitative characters of these cultivars. The study establishes the theoretic foundation for the class and the breed of the welsh-onion. Results indicated: 1.The study observed and stated 11characters on 23 straight welsh-onion cultivars coming from different areas. The welsh-onion cultivars can be divided into four groups: long-thick type、long-thin type、short-thick type and short-thin type. The leaf width and the stalk index character which divide these four groups are selected from step discrimination. The estimate functions are: long-thin type :z1=-747.5+274.7x6+31x9 short-thin type: z2=-538.2+238.3x6+25.6x9 short-thick: z3=-687.5+278.5x6+27.3x9 long-thick type:z4=-710.5+278.1x6+28.7x9 The percent of right is 91.3%, so the estimate function is effective. 2. The study observed and stated 10 agronomic characters on 21 straight welsh-onion cultivars and 38 groups. Correlation analysis、path analysis、、main component analysis and regress analysis are carried out. The results are that: stem length, stalk length, stalk width, leaf length, leaf width, leaf numbers, distance of the adjacent leafs are related to the yield of plant positively; stalk length, stalk width, leaf width, leaf numbers are important factors for the yield of the plant. Principal component Ⅰcontained 55.55 percent of total genetic information, we considered principal component Ⅰas welsh-onion length factor. Principal component Ⅱcontained 21.28 percent of total genetic information, we considered principal component Ⅱas welsh-onion width factor. Principal component Ⅲcontained 9.37 percent of total genetic information, we considered principal component Ⅲas welsh-onion photosynthesis factor. By using factor load of main characters within each component and correlation coefficients of different characters with aim character we can decide selection direction and select out materials which can meet breeding aims. 3. 38 welsh-onion cultivars were analysed by RAPD markers. Four 10 bp更多还原