【作者】 徐春迎；

【导师】 阮文彪；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 标准化是一门科学,其主要内容是指,为在一定范围内获得最佳秩序,对现实问题或潜在问题制定共同使用和重复使用的条款的活动。标准化学科的主要任务就是研究和揭示标准化的本质特性、基本原理、运动规律及其具体方法论,把标准化这个现代化工具运用到国民经济的社会实践中去,对各学科、各部门、各专业之间的具体事物和概念,通过标准化手段解决其中不统一、不协调、不衔接的矛盾,以实现统一、简化、协调、优化的目的,从而推动科学技术和科学管理的发展,加速国民经济现代化建设的步伐。标准化与效率、管理、创新、竞争、质量、安全、法治、可持续发展及经济全球化之间存在着紧密的联系,这些都是由标准化学科的科学性决定的。从宏观上来说,标准化是现代化大生产的关键措施,是国家的一项重要的技术经济政策,可以产生显著的社会效果,加强了社会生产和生活秩序;从微观上来说,标准化是促进技术改造和技术进步的必要条件,是实现科学管理和现代化管理的基础,是提高产品质量和经济效益的必由之路。21 世纪,标准化面临经济全球化和科技进步的双重挑战,同时也出现了新发展机遇和广阔的发展空间。WTO 这个“经济联合国”,通过签署技术性贸易壁垒协议等方式,把国际标准提升到国际贸易游戏规则的地位,并对各缔约国政府的标准化行为进行了必要的规范。标准在国际贸易和经济全球化发展中作用日益突出,并且被越来越普遍地用来作为市场竞争的重要手段。标准化已经和正在引起各国政府的高度重视,在最近几年里很多国家都在紧急启动标准化发展战略。随着经济全球化、一体化发展趋势日益明显,我国的标准化事业,在国家不断深化改革、扩大开放并进一步融入经济全球化进程的大背景下,也正以“与时俱进”的精神向前推进。农业企业作为市场经济的微观主体,在加强农业与市场的联系、推动农业的发展等方面,发挥着非常重要的作用。而中国的绝大多数农业企业在技术、资金和管理等许多方面都存在着发展瓶颈,综合性基础工作非常薄弱,最终导致农业企业产品和服务质量不高,总体竞争力不强。要解决中国农业企业的现状,一个重要的方法就是加强农业企业标准化工作。标准化不但能够提高农业企业产品和服务的技术水平和质量,而且能够提升农业企业的管理水平,形成合理有序的生产秩序,从而能够有效地加强农业企业的综合性基础工作。通过推行质量管理体系标准、环境管理体系标准及职业健康安全管理体系标准等的国际通行认证,农业企业可以加强与国内外市场的联系,提高农业企业的品牌度,最终增强农业企业的市场竞争力。另外,国家的宏观经济环境对农业企业标准化发展也同样非常重要。本文研究内容的结构如下:更多还原

【Abstract】 Standardization is a science. Its main content is to make the used and reused clauses to the realistic or the potential problems within the specific limits, in order to obtain the best order. The main task of the science is to research Standardization’s essential characteristic, basic principle, sport law and concrete methodology. Standardization can be used to guide the social work of national economy. By the modern tool of Standardization, we can solve the contradiction that is not linked in the concrete thing and concept of every major, discipline and department. The final results are to achieve the purpose of reunification, simplification, coordination, optimization, to promote the development of science and technology and scientific management, accelerate the paces of national economy modernization. Standardization is closely connected with efficiency, management, innovation, competition, quality, security, rules, sustainable development and economic globalization etc, which is determined by the science of Standardization. Standardization is an important science. From the macroscopic aspect, Standardization is a key measure of the modernized production and an important technological economic policy of a nation, can produce the remarkable social effects, strengthen social production and living orders. From the microcosmic aspect, Standardization is an essential condition of promoting technological transformation and progress, a foundation of realizing scientific and modernized management, a basic way of improving product quality and economic benefits. In the 21st century, Standardization faces the double challenges of economic globalization and scientific and technological progress, the new opportunities have appeared at the same time. WTO, the United Economic Nations, has brought international standards up to international trade game regulars by signing TBT agreement and has carried on the essential norms to every government’s standardized behaviors. Standardization is outstanding in international trade and economic globalization. It has generally been used for being regarded as the important means of the market competition. Standardization has already caused great attention of many countries’governments. They have promptly started the strategy of standardization development in recent years. The integrated development trend of economic globalization has been obvious day by day. Under the background, the standardization of China has advanced with the spirit of " growing with each passing hour " . As the micro subject of market economy, agricultural enterprises are playing a very important role in strengthening the connections between agriculture and market, promoting the development of agriculture. But the most agricultural enterprises in China have the bottlenecks in technology, fund, management etc. The comprehensive element task of agricultural enterprises in China is very weak, which cause the low quality of the products and service. In a word, the competitiveness of the most agricultural enterprises in China is not strong. To solve the current situation of the Chinese agricultural enterprises, an important method is to strengthen the work of the agribusiness’ standardization. Standardization can improve the engineering level and quality of agribusiness products and service, promote the management level of the agribusiness, form the rational and orderly production order and strengthen the work of comprehensive foundation of the agribusiness effectively. In addition, through passing through authentication of Quality Management system standard, Environment Management standard and Job Healthy and Safe Management system standard, etc, the agribusiness can strengthen the connection with domestic and international markets, raise brand degree of the agribusiness, strengthen the market competitiveness of the agribusiness finally. On the basis of studying the domestic and international standardization situation of agricultural enterprises, this text states the scientific theory of standardization, probes the co更多还原