【作者】 陈燕芹；

【导师】 匡少平；

【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 物理化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 高碱灰渣是一种含碱量很高的固体废弃物,若不处理会对周围环境造成持续的污染。本文查阅了大量固废无害化治理和综合利用技术等文献,先对灰渣的性质及成分做出分析,再结合自燃煤矸石砖生产工艺,提出利用自燃煤矸石砖技术对灰渣进行无害化治理的综合利用方法。 可行性论证从:1)高碱灰渣掺入煤矸石砖原料的化学成分及CIPW标准矿物模拟计算,2)固化后的碱进入稳定物相得以固定,确定了此技术对高碱灰渣固化的可行性。 在煤矸石砖生产线上烧制灰渣加入分数不同的高碱灰渣(粘土)-煤矸石样品砖。对烧制的高碱灰渣(粘土)-煤矸石砖按照国家标准方法进行浸出毒性分析,X-粉晶衍射物相分析和酸雨淋溶分析;中试产品由国家建筑材料工业墙体屋面材料质量监督检验测试中心进行砖的质量测试后,达到了国家相关标准。通过分析以及实验,我们可以得出结论: (1)寻求和开发高碱灰渣无公害化处理和综合利用的方法技术十分重要。在没有开发更好的灰渣无害化处理技术前,可采用安全填埋方式对高碱灰渣进行暂时处理。资源化利用可行方法是将高碱灰渣开发为建筑材料,即将高碱灰渣分别掺入煤矸石和粘土中烧砖来对高碱灰渣进行治理。 (2)制砖原料中灰渣在煤矸石及粘土中加入最佳分数分别为12%和15%。物相分析表明砖中的碱被固化生成钾长石、钠长石、钙长石、辉石、尖晶石等稳定的物相,可以经受恶劣自然环境而不会重新溶出,作为建材可以安全利用。 (3)自燃煤矸石砖固化技术对高碱灰渣的无害化治理非常有效,是一种解毒效果好、吃渣量大、节省能源、简单易行的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 High alkali fly ashes produced by burning black coal-water slurry is a solid waste with high alkalescence. It can cause persistent contamination to the surrounding environment. On the basis of summarizing many technologies and comprehensive methods of solid residues, a new harmless treatment of high alkali fly ashes with coal gangue or clay brick technology is presented in the paper firstly.Feasibility argumentation was made from the following three facts:1)The modeling calculation of chemical compositions and CIPW standard minerals of brick materials added high alkali fly ashes.2)After solidifying the alkali enters steady mineral phases.In experiments, a series of high alkali fly ash-coal gangue bricks used materials with different ratios of high alkali fly ashes added to coal gangue in the productive line of coal gangue brick. Then lixiviated toxicity and stabilization of alkali in the bricks were mensurated according to methods stated in national standards. Thirdly, XRD phase of bricks were analyzed to research the changing of phases in the process of sintering . At last, acid rain eluviate experiments were carried out and results showed that lixiviated toxicity of alkali and quality of brick were up to scratch. Some conclusions were drawn as following:1.The ashes produced by burning black coal-water slurry are high alkali(especially sodium).Its important to seek and develop harmless treatment and comprehensive utilization technology to high alkali fly ashes. Through argument, safety landfill disposal is the temporary treatment before better measurements were carried out. Adding high alkali fly ashes into building materials is a better available method of comprehensive utilization, that’s sintering bricks with coal gangue and clay respectively added high alkali fly ashes.2.The optimum adding percentage of high alkali fly ashes is about 12% to coal gangue and 15% to clay. XRD test reveals that feldspar, pyroxene, spinelle are formed and high alkali fly ashes enter crystal lattice in the process of sintering bricks. So high alkali fly ashes is solidified well. So high alkali fly ashes are steady and can更多还原