【作者】 李强；

【导师】 郝春成；

【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 润滑油是广泛应用于各种设备、机械、仪器中的润滑剂。润滑油质量主要取决于添加剂的使用和材料的质量水平。新型发动机对机油的新要求就是具有良好的减摩抗磨性能。纳米粒子具有高效、无污染等特点,目前已有研究证明纳米粒子具有良好的减摩抗磨性能。 本文分别采用物理法和化学法制备了多种纳米粒子,利用多种分析方法对其进行了测试表征,将其表面改性后添加到润滑油中,考察了纳米粒子的分散效果。通过润滑油的摩擦磨损试验,研究了纳米粒子的抗磨减摩作用。 利用电弧等离子体方法制备了铜、Fe₃Al纳米粒子。采用淀粉和甲烷为碳源利用电弧等离子体方法制备了碳包铜纳米粒子,发现以甲烷为碳源时,当氦气与甲烷比例为1:2时,制备的碳包铜纳米粒子平均粒径为20nm,粒子大小均匀呈球形。高分辨电镜显示其表面包覆了一层碳,改变了铜粒子的表面极性,改善了其在油中的分散性能,同时解决了纯铜纳米粒子在空气中易氧化变性的缺点。利用相似方法制备了粒子均匀的碳包铁纳米粒子。 利用沉淀法制备了油酸表面修饰的纳米硼酸锌粒子。经过正交设计实验确定了油酸修饰纳米硼酸锌粒子最佳的制备条件。通过TEM、XRD、IR表征分析了其形貌、物相和表面键合结构。实验发现粒子表面修饰了一层疏水长链,相互之间不易团聚,在有机溶剂中可以直接分散,并能保持长时间的悬浮。 将表面改性的铜、碳包铜、Fe₃Al纳米粒子和油酸修饰的纳米硼酸锌粒子添加到润滑油中进行摩擦磨损试验。结果表明四种添加纳米粒子的基础油的环块表面磨损形貌都有不同程度的改善。添加了0.2wt%含量的铜、碳包铜、Fe₃Al纳米粒子和油酸修饰的纳米硼酸锌粒子的基础油的磨痕宽度分别减小43.3%、51.5%、57.6%和52.5%,摩擦系数分别减小15.7%、10.7%、28.6%和19.6%。同时,添加纳米粒子的基础油在摩擦区的油温也有不同程度的降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lubricating oil is widely used in many kinds of machines, equipments and apparatus as lubricant. The quality of lubricating oil depends on the level of additive and materials. Excellent friction reduction and antiwear properties of lubricating oil are required in the modern engines. Nanoparticles exhibit many specific characteristics such as high active and pollution-free. Today, much of studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles have good friction reduction and antiwear properties.A series of nanoparticles have been respectively synthesized with physical and chemical methods, and have been characterized by means of many analytical methods. We have studied the dispersion of nanoparticles which have been added into lubricating oil through surface modification. Experiments of friction and wear have been carried out to investigate the tribological properties of nanoparicles in oil.Cu、 Fe₃Al nanoparticles have been prepared using arc plasma method. Carbon encapsulated Cu nanoparticles have been synthesized using starch or methane as carbon sources. The results show that the average particle size of as-synthesized carbon encapsulated Cu nanoparticles is 20nm and the shape of the particles is spherical at a mixed gas of He/CH₄=1:2. The photograph of High resolution更多还原