【作者】 宫少燕；

【导师】 管华； 马建华；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 自然地理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 由于对生态环境系统需水问题的长期忽视,直接导致生态环境退化、生物多样性减少、河道断流和地下水位下降等诸多问题。如何解决这些问题,给河道内水生生态系统以适宜的水量,保证生态系统的健康,是急需要解决的重大问题。为此,本论文对黄河干流河南段河道的最小生态环境需水量问题进行了研究。 本文以水文水资源学、环境科学、地理学和生态学等基础理论为指导,采用定性和定量相结合的研究方法,结合研究区的水文特征,展开了生态环境需水量研究。除引言外,全文共分七部分。 第一部分从理论和方法两个方面,分析了国内外生态环境需水量的研究进展,并介绍了黄河生态环境需水量的研究现状。在此基础上,总结出当前生态环境需水量研究所存在的问题。 第二部分在前人研究的基础上,从保护河道水生生态系统平衡的角度出发,探讨了河道生态环境需水量概念。分析概念,依据河道的功能性原则,提出河道生态环境需水量具体上由生态基流量、输沙需水量、水面蒸发生态需水量和河道渗漏需水量四部分内容组成。 第三部分确定了本文的主要研究内容,并提出了本文的研究思路。 第四部分从研究区域的气候、水文和水资源利用状况等,对黄河干流河南段河道及其沿岸地区的地理概况进行了简单地描述。 第五部分此部分为本文的核心内容。分别估算了黄河干流河南段的生态基流量、输沙需水量、水面蒸发生态需水量和河道渗漏需水量。 河道生态基流量主要反映了河道的生态需水量,其主要功能是用以维持水生生态系统平衡。本文通过运用年保证率设定法估算了河道的生态基流量;按照Tennant 法的保护河流生态系统流量标准,确定了黄河干流河南段各河段的最小生态基流量、适宜生态基流量和最大生态基流量,分别介于 63.24×10~8～68.27×10~8m~3、172.65×10~8～186.53×10~8m~3 和 396.38×10~8～438.96×10~8m~3。更多还原

【Abstract】 The long neglect of the problems on the ecological and environmental water requirement results in a series of eco-environmental problems, for example, the degeneration of the environment, the decrease of the biodiversity, the drying up of the river channel, groundwater table lowering etc. Therefore, how to ensure water requirement of the aquatic ecosystem is a crucial factor for the ecosystem conservation. This paper spreads out the research on the minimum water requirements of the eco-environment of the Yellow River Artery in Henan. With the guidance of basic theories, such as hydrology and science of water resource, environment science, geography and ecology, combining the hydrology characteristic of the studying district, this paper does the research on the water requirement of the eco-environment. It adopts the methods of the quantitative analysis and quantitative analysis altogether. Besides preface, the full paper is divided into seven parts: In the first part, this paper expatiates on the research progress of the water requirement of the eco-environment at home and abroad and the Yellow river through the theories and the methods. In the second third part, on the basis of the researches, this paper discusses the concept of the ecological and environmental water requirement, According to the functional principle and understanding of the concept, the author gets that the ecological and environmental water requirement comprises four parts. The four parts are the basic water requirement of ecology, the water requirement of sediment transport, the ecological water requirement of the water surface evaporation, and the water requirement of the river leakage. In the third part, the author confirms the main content and the research route of this paper. In the fourth part, this paper has made a simple survey of the Yellow River artery in Henan from the climate, hydrology and water resources utilization, etc. In the fifth part, the author respectively calculates the water requirement of the Yellow River artery in Henan. This part is the core of this paper. Calculate the basic water requirement of ecology in river. This main function on the basic water requirement of ecology is that it should maintain the balance of the aquatic ecosystem. By the annual guarantee rate method, the author estimates the basic water requirement of ecology of the Yellow River artery in Henan. According to the Tennant standard on the protection of the fluvial ecosystem, the author ascertains the threshold of the basic water requirement of ecology. The range of the minimum basic water requirement of ecology is from63.24×10~8m~3 to 68.27×10~8m~3, the range of the appropriate water requirement is from 172.65×10~8m~3 to186.53×10~8m~3,and the range of the maximum of the basic water requirement of ecology is from 396.38×10~8m~3to 438.96× 10~8m~3。 Calculate the water requirement of sediment transport in river. The water requirement of sediment transport referred to the water requirement transporting sediments passing through a certain reach or station into the downstream or sea in some time. By the water requirement of model of sediment transport, this paper calculates this part of water requirement. By the analysis of the results, this paper considers that the water requirement of sediment transport is a minimum through the Sanmenxia reservoir’s water and sediment regulation, The minimum range is from 218.17×10~8m~3 to 273.47×10~8m~3. Calculate the ecological water requirement of the water surface evaporation and the water requirement of the river leakage. Because of the evaporation and leakage, the loss of water is rather more every year. Therefore, from the protection of the balance of the aquatic ecosystem, this paper calculates these two parts of water requirement. The ecological water requirement of the water surface evaporation is 2.557×10~8m~3 and is 0.61% of annual average natural runoff; the water requirement of the river leakage is 3.3×10~8m~3 and 0.79% of annual average natural runoff. By the principle of the leadin更多还原