【作者】 吕文东；

【导师】 郝志峰； 王继民；

【作者基本信息】 广东工业大学 ， 化学工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 铜是一种用途非常广泛的重要金属。随着铜矿石开采品位的逐渐下降,难以处理矿石的增加,湿法炼铜技术已经成为主要的炼铜方式。湿法冶金工艺一般由浸出、萃取、电解三部分组成,其中的萃取是非常重要的一个过程,而萃取剂的选用又是萃取过程中一个至关重要的考虑因素。由于种种原因,我国虽然在这方面研究起步较早,但是并没有得到大力的推广,萃取剂的品种有限,不能满足多种不同浸出液的萃取要求。 为了解决上述低品位矿产的萃取难题,本论文开展了这方面的研究工作,重点对两种烷基水杨醛肟的合成路线及其萃取性能和调整剂的组合进行了研究,得到以下结果: (1) 以烷基酚、对甲苯胺、多聚甲醛等为原料,以200#溶剂油代替甲苯合成烷基水杨醛肟,工艺操作简单,较好分相,改善了操作环境。将烷基醛合成的第一步反应时间由原来的3小时延长至6小时,有效地提高了醛的产率。最高产率接近48%,平均产率在45%以上。 (2) 所合成的两种烷基水杨醛肟产品经萃取铜铁实验结果证明:萃取平衡时间短,时间为3min;萃取容量大,萃铜量为4.265～4.335g/L;选择性好,一次萃取铜铁分离系数达650,具有超选择性的特征。 (3) 选择壬基酚作为调整剂可改善壬基水杨醛肟的综合性能,如改善萃合物的溶解,反萃分相的透明度,而且还可进一步提高铜铁分离系数,以使壬基水杨醛肟更加适应工业使用的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Copper is an important metal, and is used very extensively. With the exploitation of copper ore , the grade of the quality declined gradually, the ore is increased that is difficult to be dealt with. Copper hydrometallurgy technology has already become the main way for copper smelting. Hydrometallurgy is generally composed of soak, extraction and electro-deposition , and extraction is a very important process. Also, the choice of extractant is an essential consideration in the process of extraction. Though it is early that people started research in this area in our country, copper hydrometallurgy technology is not popularized for various reasons. The variety of extractant is limited and can’t meet the demand for many kinds of different extracts.In order to solve the extraction problem that is mentioned above, we have done some research the work in this field. The study emphasized on the synthetic route, the performance of extractant and the influence of modifier on extraction of alkysalicylaldoxime, and results can be concluded as follows:.(1) Two kinds of alkysalicylaldoxime are synthesized with alky-phenol , p-methyl aniline, poly-formaldehyde as materials and 200# gasoline as solvent instead of toluene. The operation of this technology is simplified and it is easy for phase-separation. The environment for working is improved. The yield of the aldehyde is increased with the reaction time prolonged from3h to 6h. The highest yield is near to 48% and the equal-yield is above 45%.(2) The results show that these two kinds of alkysalicylaldoxime are good extractant with short extraction balance time(for 3 minutes), high extractive efficiency(extract copper for 4.265~4.335g/L), excellent selectivity and high copper/iron separation coefficient (up to 650).(3) The comprehensive properties of nonyl-salicylaldehydeoxime such as the solubility of extracted compound and phase disengagement performance can be improved as nonyl-phenol was added as modifier. And the copper/iron separation coefficient of nonyl-phenol is also increased, which makes it meets the demands of industry furthermore.更多还原