【作者】 张黎明；

【导师】 漆智平； 史学正；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 作物耕作与栽培学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 我国南方土壤退化的类型很多,但是最重要的、最严重的,也是分布最广的则是由土地利用不当所引起的土壤侵蚀退化。土壤侵蚀退化的速度可用土壤侵蚀量衡量。而土壤侵蚀量大小除与侵蚀介质等外营力有关外,还取决于土壤的抗蚀、抗冲能力,即内营力,国际上通常用土壤可蚀性（Soil erodibility）衡量,并用K值表示。它是土壤侵蚀因子进行定量对比的基础,世界上不论是应用很广的ULSE（Universal Soil Loss Equation）方程,还是20世纪80年代中期开始研究的WEPP（Water Erosion Prediction Project）模型,都把它作为一个主要因子和研究土壤侵蚀退化的重要内容而加以深入研究。 为更好的了解我国南方不同类型土壤的抗蚀性能,以便为区域土壤侵蚀预报、土地利用规划、土地利用评价和土壤环境潜在危险性评价等提供必要的基础数据。本文以江西省鹰潭地区降雨为例,利用该地区中国科学院红壤生态实验站自建气象台站1997～2003年的自然降雨观测资料和该站可蚀性小区的土壤流失量实测数据,对自然降雨条件下的我国南方地区不同类型土壤可蚀性K值、降雨侵蚀力R值及相关因子进行了研究。结果表明,研究区各年的降雨量分别为1830mm、2414mm、1274mm、1732mm、1653mm、1711mm和1327mm。这与当地多年平均降水量1752mm相比,除1998年气候出现异常,降雨量急剧增加以外,其它年份基本属于偏早年。根据R值的“EI₃₀”方法,计算出各年的降雨侵蚀力分别为:424.9、708.1、218.7、403.3、265.7、370.7和327.9（100ft.sht.in/ac.hr.y）,降雨侵蚀力呈现出年际变化大,且月分布极不均衡的特点,这也跟降雨侵蚀能量、月累积30分钟最大雨强的规律相一致。从可蚀性小区不同土壤流失量分布来看,花岗岩发育的铝质湿润淋溶土（15小区）、云母片岩发育的粘淀湿润富铁土（17小区）、千枚岩发育的铝质湿润淋溶土（19小区）和紫红色砂页岩发育的紫色湿润雏形土（22小区）的侵蚀量在历年中相对较大,而第四纪红色粘土发育的粘淀湿润富铁土（18小区）的侵蚀量历年中是最小的。各小区的径流量分布规律基本与土壤流失量相一致。而径流系数最大出现在1999年,大部分土壤的径流系数都在0.5以上;径流系数最小值出现在2000年,大部分土壤的径流系数基本在0.1～0.3之间。在14个侵蚀小区自然降雨条件下的土壤可蚀性K值中,22号小区紫色土的K值明显比其它土壤的高,达到0.321（sht.hr/100ft.sht.in）,18号小区千枚岩发育的铝质湿润淋溶土的K值最小,为0.073（sht.hr/100ft.sht.in）。同一更多还原

【Abstract】 There are a lot of soil degradation types in the south of China, but the most important and serious type which has the widest distribution is the soil erosion resulted from poor use of the soil. The speed of soil erosion can be determined by the amount of soil erosion which depends on the anti-erosion and anti- rushing force, namely is interior forces, except for outside forces such as the erosion media. Internationally, it’s determined with soil erosibility and presented by K value which is the base of soil erosion factors. No matter of the ULSE（Universal Soil Loss Equation） used widely in the whole world and the WEPP（Water Erosion Prediction Project） model started to be researched in the middle of the 1980’s, they all take the K value as an important factor and major research content of soil erosion for further research.To better understand the soil erosion resistance of the different soil in south China so as to provide the necessary basic data for the forecast of regional soil erosion, planning of soil using, assessment of soil using and the potential fatalness of soil environment. This paper took rainfall of Yingtan of Jiangxi Province as an example and accords to the observed materials of rainfalls and some data recorded soil erosion of main soil types in the Ecological Experiment Station of Red Soil （EESRS） located in Yingtan, Jiangxi Province from 1997 to 2003, the relationship between the amounts of soil erosion and some rainfall factors under different subtropical soil was explored. The result showed that the rainfall of the area were 1830mm , 2414mm, 1274mm, 1732mm, 1653mm, 1711mm and 1327mm respectively, comparing to the average rainfall, 1752 mm, except for the abnormal climate in 1998 and the rainfall boomed, the other years basically belong to dry years. According to EI₃₀ of index R, the rainfall erosivity of all years were 424.9, 708.1 , 218.7, 403.3, 265.7, 370.7 and 327.9 （100ft.sht.in/ac.hr.y ）respectively, the rainfall erosivity had larger difference between years and the extremely unbalanced character between months which was the same with law of the rainfall E value, month cumulate I₃₀. From the soil loss distribution of erosibility plots, Ali-Udic Luvisols developed from granite （plot 15）, Udic Ferrisols developed from mica rock （plot17）,更多还原