【作者】 胡雨前；

【导师】 张建英；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文详细总结了近年来国内外在健康风险评价中的研究成果,重点介绍了健康风险评价的技术框架和评价模式,并以此为理论基础,以杭州市饮用水中的THMs为研究对象,评价了杭州市5个地区饮用水中THMs的生命期癌风险和危险指数。 结果表明氯仿（CHCl₃）和一氯二溴甲烷（CHClBr₂）是杭州市饮用水中最主要的两种消毒副产物,比较健康风险的三种不同途径后发现,饮食摄入相对其它两种路径对居民引起的癌风险更高。对于饮食摄入和皮肤吸收两种途径,CHClBr₂为癌风险率最高的物质,达到69%左右,其次是CHCl₂Br达25%。大部分地区CHClBr₂和CHCl₂Br引起的癌风险超过USEPA的可接受水平10倍以上。 结合三种不同的途径,分析杭州地区饮用水中THMs风险评价的联合效应,富阳地区居民的癌风险最高,而威坪地区居民的癌风险最低,主要是CHClBr₂和CHCl₂Br。两种物质的暴露引起的。杭州地区居民使用饮用水,一年内THMs引起的癌风险人数为4人,引起的危险指数人数为6×10^-3人。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper introduced most of the resent results of the health risk assessment in China or abroad in detail. In which we focused on the technology frame and the assessment pattern. According to these theory, we researched the sorts of THMs in drinking water in Hangzhou,Zhejiang province of China. The lifetime cancer risk and the hazard index of trihalomethanes （THMs） through oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation exposure from tap water in 5 districts in Hangzhou are estimated.The results showed that the most dominant THMs are chloroform （CHCl3） and bromodichloromethane （CHClBr2） in Hangzhou tap water. Among the three different pathways of the health risk assessment, residents have a higher risk of cancer through oral ingestion than through the other two pathways. The lifetime cancer risks through oral ingestion and dermal absorption for CHClBr2 make the highest percentage contribution （69%） to total risks, followed by CHCl2Br （25%）. CHClBr2 and CHCl2Br are at or above the negligible risk level of 10^-6 by a factor of 10 or more all of the districts. Among the 5 districts, people living in Fuyang have the highest risk of cancer due to the THMs exposure through the multipathways, mainly because of the exposure to CHClBr2 and CHCl₂Br. The total cancer risk analysis indicates that each year approximately 4 residents could get cancer from the daily intake of water, and 6×10^-3 for noncarcinogenic risk.更多还原