【作者】 黄娟琴；

【导师】 王珂；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业遥感与信息技术， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 杭州市具有丰富的湿地资源,尤其是西溪湿地,西湖等世界闻名的湿地资源,它们不仅构成了城市景观的一部分,而且发挥了巨大的生态功能,同时也促进了城市经济的发展。但由于人口的增长,经济发展和城市建设的加快,对湿地的不合理开发和过度利用造成了湿地面积锐减,湿地生态系统亦受到严重影响和威胁。因此,湿地保护刻不容缓,杭州市政府专门编制了《杭州市西溪湿地保护区总体规划》。及时、准确地掌握和研究杭州市区湿地资源的现状和动态变化过程对湿地的合理开发和保护有重要意义。 遥感技术具有感测范围广、信息量大、获取信息快、更新周期短等特点,为获取湿地资源环境状况提供了有效的信息源。目前,应用遥感技术研究湿地科学已成为湿地研究的热点,主要运用的遥感数据为TM/ETM数据,但较高分辨率的SPOT-5卫星影像在湿地上的应用研究却少见报道。 本文应用SPOT-5多光谱数据及TM/ETM遥感数据,采用遥感、GIS及GPS相结合的技术手段,对整个杭州市区的湿地资源动态变化进行分析研究,且对杭州市区的湿地资源进行了现状初步调查,并对SPOT-5影像应用于湿地遥感分类的方法及精度等问题开展研究。 研究的主要结论归纳如下: (1)1991-2003年间,杭州市区湿地总面积呈现大量减少趋势,12年间共减少了8135.64公顷,减率为25.01%。其中芦苇沼泽、水田湿地减少的幅度非常大。 12年间芦苇沼泽减少了625.77公顷,减率为45.35%,减少区域为蒋村的西溪湿地,减少最快的阶段是1994-1999年间,其原因是大部分芦苇沼泽被开发成城市建设用地,1999年后,由于重视湿地保护,芦苇沼泽湿地占用减少。 12年间水田湿地减少了8761.41公顷,减率为44.83%,主要减少区域位于三墩镇、转塘镇及袁浦镇一带,减少最快的阶段是1991-1994年间,水田湿地面积大幅度减少的原因有两个,一是城市建设占用大量水田,二是由于农业结构调整,大量水田被开挖成了水产池塘,使水田面积大幅度下降。 但是湿地类型中的湖库水体与池塘面积却有大量增加,12年间共增加了1347.21公顷,增率为27.68%,主要增加的区域为下沙镇、转塘镇及袁浦镇一带,增加最快的阶段是1999-2003年间,主要原因是受农业结构调整影响,许多水田、旱地及菜地被开挖成水产养殖池塘,使水产养殖塘面积大量增加。 (2)由于SPOT-5影像空间分辨率较高,多光谱影像分辨率为10米,全色影像分辨率更多还原

【Abstract】 There are very plentiful wetland resourses in Hangzhou city, especially the famous xixi wetlands and the west lake etc. They are not only composing a part of the landscape of the city but having important ecological function and promoting the development of economy. However, owing to man’s unreasonable utilization, the wetlands area in Hangzhou city were quickly reduced, the ecological system had been seriously influenced and menaced. So it is emergent to pretect wetland resources. For reasonable exploitation and protection the wetlands resourses, it is important to investigate and monitor the wetlands resources in Hangzhou city.Possessing the advantages of macroscopic information, real time, periodicity and integrity, remote sensing provides the possibility for monitoring wetlands quickly, objectively and precisely. At present, application remote sensing technology to study wetlands has been a hotspot of wetlands research. The main satellite data adopted in the research of wetlands were TM or ETM. Little work has been done to the application of higher resolution SPOT-5 satellite image on wetlands investigation.Wetlands dynamic change and investigation in Hangzhou city supported by remote sensing, GIS and GPS, using SPOT-5 multispectral and TM/ETM data was studied in this paper, and the methods of wetlands classification by remote sensing were discussed. The main conclusion of this study is summed up as follows:(1) During the year of 1991 to 2003, the area of wetlands decreased, it decreased 8135.64 hectare during these 12 years and the rate of decreasing is 25.01%.Among wetlands, the area of bulrush swamp decreased most seriously because of the rapid development of the city. It decreased 625. 77 hectare during these 12 years and the rate of decreasing is 45. 35%. The main decreasing area of bulrush swamp was xixi wetland in the situation of Jiangcun. During the year of 1994 to 1999, the area of bulrush swamp decreased fast. After the year of 1999, the area of bulrush swamp decreased less because of wetlands protection.The area of paddy field also decreased fast. It decreased 8761. 41 hectare during更多还原