【作者】 吕淑敏；

【导师】 奚耕思；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 短额负蝗(Atractomorpha sinensis Bolivar)属直翅目(Orthoptera)蝗总科(Acridoidea)锥头蝗科(Pyrgomorphidae),全国各地均有分布,而且在不少地区为优势种蝗虫。它是多食性植食昆虫,主要危害一些粮食作物、经济作物、蔬菜等,对农业造成很大的危害。另一方面,短额负蝗是我国传统食用的主要蝗虫种类之一,营养价值颇高,具有一定的开发和利用价值。本文以短额负蝗为研究材料,首次利用细胞学、形态解剖学、凝集素亲合细胞化学等方法对其配子发生的显微结构、配子发生过程中糖复合物的表达定位以及雌虫受精囊等方面进行了系统研究,旨在深入了解短额负蝗配子发生及发育机制,为进一步对其进行开发利用及害虫防治等方面提供理论依据。 本文首次应用HE染色方法对直翅目昆虫短额负蝗的精子发生进行了显微结构观察,结果表明,短额负蝗精子发生过程经历了精原细胞增殖期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精子形成期和精子成熟期5个时期。在这5个时期中,各期生精细胞的大小、形念、核染色体等变化明显,并且发现在精子发生后期有染色质凝聚现象,这一现象的出现可能是与精子的运动功能相适应的。利用同样方法对其卵子发生过程进行研究,可得出以下结果:短额负蝗卵子发生过程可分为三个时期八个阶段,三个时期为卵母细胞分化期、卵母细胞生长期和卵母细胞卵黄形成期。在卵子发生的整个过程中,卵母细胞和滤泡细胞形态变化都非常明显,而且两者共同参与了卵母细胞中卵黄蛋白的形成,即短额负蝗卵黄蛋白形成是自体合成和异体合成同时存在。此外,在卵母细胞生长期发现有卵母细胞凋亡现象,即周围的滤泡细胞侵入并填充卵母细胞质,卵母细胞胞质分布不均匀,而且有大量泡状物质形成,卵母细胞凋亡现象可能是对周围不良上不境的一种适应。 通过5种凝集素对短额负蝗卵子发生过程中糖复合物的分布变化研究表明,在卵子发生整个过程中没有UEA受体的表达,RCA Ⅰ、WGA、PNA、SBA受体均参与卵子发生过程,这4种不同受体在卵子发生过程中呈阶段性分布,且各自的分布模式具有差异性。在卵母细胞分化期仅有RCA Ⅰ受体的表达;在卵母细胞生长期,WGA、SBA、PNA受体陆续出现于卵母细胞胞质内,且WGA、SBA、RCA Ⅰ受体表达量达最大;进入卵黄形成期,卵母细胞内糖复合物的表达量均减少;PNA受体仅出现在卵母细胞生长期的第二阶段和卵黄形成期的第五阶段;成熟卵子中,PNA、RCA Ⅰ、WGA、SBA受体又不同程度重新出现于卵黄膜,卵黄膜上的糖复合物可能与精卵识别有关。在卵子发生过程中伴随着一些糖复合物的出现和另一些更多还原

【Abstract】 Atractomorpha sinensis Bolivar, species of Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea), distributes all over the country, furthermore, it is one of the dominant species in some regions. As the polyphagy insects, they damage some plants including food crop, cash crop, vegetables and so on, which belong to the agriculture pest. Other respect, it is one of the traditional edible locusts in our country, which possess a high nutritive value and have deploiting and utilizing vales in some degree. Using the materials of Atractomorpha sinensis and methods of cytology, morphology anatomy and lectin histochemistry, this paper give a systematic study about the process of gametogenesis, the distribution of glycoconjugates during gametogenesis and the microstructure of spermatheca. The investigation may provide useful evidence for future researches in this field.The study, for the first time, has taken a microstructure’s observation on the process of spermatogenesis of Atractomorpha sinensis in Orthoptera, by using the Hematoxylin-Eosin dyeing method. The results show that the process of spermatogenesis in Atractomorpha sinensis may be divided into 5 stages including the spermatophores proliferation stage, the primary spermatocyte stage, the secondary spermatocyte stage, the spermateliosis stage and the spermiotiliosis stage. Great changes in the size, morphology and chromosome of spermatogenic cells have been covered by those these 5 stages. Furthermore, chromatin condensation has been taken place in the late stage of spermatogenensis, which may correspond to the activities function of the sperms. By using the same method to investigate the microstructure of oogenesis , the result can be obtained that the process of oogenesis in Atractomorpha sinensis can be divided into 3 phases including 8 stages. The 3 phases is composed of oocyte differentiation phase, the oocyte growth phase and the phase of yolk formation. During the whole process, distinct changes have been found in the morphology of oocyte and follicular cells. They both contribute to the formation of yolk protein, from which we can concluded that the formation of yolk protein is an autosynthetic and heterosynthetic process. Additional, oocyte apoptosis occurred in the phase 2 of oogenesis in Atractomorpha sinensis, which may be an adaption to the disadvantageous environment.For further understanding of distribution and changes of glycoconjugates during oogenesis as well as spermatogenesis, 5 lectin-biding receptors have been detected in germ cells by using biotin-labled lectins including RCA I, PNA, WGA, UEA and SBA. The results showed that:During the process of oogenesis in Atractomorpha sinensis, there is no distribution of UEA receptor, while all the receptors of RCA I, PNA, WGA and SBA have taken great roles in oogenesis. The four receptors present as grade-distribution, and possess different distribution patterns respectively. Concrete distribution patterns appear as follows: Phase 1 with only RCA I receptor distribution; phase 2 with receptors of WGA, SBA, PNA present being the greatest distribution; phase 3 with the decreasing distribution of glycoconjugates. PNA receptor present only at stage 2 of phase 2 and stage 5 of phase 3. In the matured egg, receptors of RCA I, PNA, WGA distributed again in the vitelline membrane, which maybe take great roles in the recognition of egg and sperm. During oogenesis, there would be appearance of some glycoconjugates and disappearance of others, which may greatly relate to the growth of oocyte and the preparation for yolk formation .Furthermore, the 4 receptors also distribute in the follicular cells, which would make difference in the differentiation of their own and the maturation of oocyte.The result of glycoconjugates distribution in spermatogenesis of Atractomorpha sinensis shows that: there is no distribution of PNA receptor, and the other 4 receptors, with different distribution patterns, join the process of spermatogenesis. UEA receptor is found only in the spermateliosis and spermiotiliosis stage; the other 3 reacted receptors, synthesized by spermatophores, distribute on the membrane of spermatogenetic cells. Among these spermatogenetic cells, the secondary spermatocyte possess the greatest quantities of glycoconjugates which distribute discontinuously. At the stage of spermateliosis and spermiotiliosis, the glycoconjugates have experienced great modification and change: the disappearance of SBA receptor, the appearance of UEA receptor and the decreasing of the other 2 receptors. The modification and changes of the glycoconjugates would be responsible for the growth and maturation of the spermatogenetic cells.The morphology and microstructure of the spermatheca in Atractomorpha sinensis have been investigated by HE method in this paper. The result indicates that the spermatheca could be subdivided into a highly coiled spermathcal tube, a vestibule of更多还原