【作者】 杨泽龙；

【导师】 武晓东； 许志信；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究于 2002~2004 年在阿拉善荒漠区采用标志重捕法和线路铗日法两种方法在 1hm2、10hm2、40hm2三个空间尺度上调查了 4 种不同干扰类型的样区(开垦区、轮牧区、过牧区和禁牧区)的啮齿动物群落的种类组成和数量动态。从群落组成格局、群落多样性、均匀性、相似性、生态位特征、群落组成种与干扰之间的对应关系、群落组成种与尺度之间的对应关系以及群落组成种与生境之间的关系等方面在 1hm2、10hm~2、40hm~2 三个空间尺度上对四种不同干扰条件下阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落进行了对比分析,结果表明:⑴阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落在不同的干扰方式下、不同的尺度梯度上以及不同的生态参数上所表现出的尺度效应都存在一定的差异。⑵阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落格局干扰效应的特征在 1hm~2 到 10hm~2 的空间尺度上存在尺度转换点,10hm~2和 40hm~2这两个空间尺度则属于同一个尺度域内,而且在 10hm2到 40hm~2的空间尺度域上所体现的干扰效应比在 1hm~2空间尺度上更能代表阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落格局干扰效应的本怔尺度。⑶子午沙鼠、黑线仓鼠、三趾跳鼠和小毛足鼠是阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落在人为干扰下栖息地破碎化过程中反应较为明显的几个种类。子午沙鼠和黑线仓鼠对开垦和禁牧这两种干扰表现出较强的适应性。小毛足鼠对轮牧干扰表现出较明显的适应性,三趾跳鼠对过度放牧干扰表现出较明显的适应性;而且小毛足鼠和三趾跳鼠的数量动态在一定程度上对发生在阿拉善荒漠生态系统中的放牧干扰强度有一定的指示作用。⑷在生境不断破碎化并遭到破坏的过程中生态位宽度指数较小的三趾跳鼠比生态位宽度指数较大的广布种五趾跳鼠和子午沙鼠更能忍耐生境的破碎化。⑸阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落的生态位特征在不同的空间尺度上表现出一种等级动态镶嵌的格局。总之,阿拉善荒漠啮齿动物群落格局的干扰效应在不同尺度间所表现出的差异和联系已很好地显示了尺度分析方法对于啮齿动物群落格局、过程研究的重要意义。然而,尺度分析方法在啮齿动物群落研究中的应用并不是很深入,需要进行进一步的探索和研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The four kinds of study areas under different human disturbance were selected in the typical region in Alashan desert of Inner Mongolia from 2002 to 2004, i.e. farmland area, rotational grazing area, over-grazing area and forbidden grazing area. The rodent communities in the four kinds of study areas were investigated by using trap-day and mark-recapture methods on three scales: 1hm~2, 10hm~2 and 40hm~2. The data on three scales was analyzed on composition pattern, diversity, evenness, similarity, niche characteristics, the correspondence between rodent species and different disturbance, the correspondence between rodent species and scales and the relationship between rodent species and habitats. The results are as following: (1) Scale effects on the rodent communities in Alashan desert region varied with different disturbance, scales and analyzing points of view. (2) There was a point of scale transition between 1hm~2 and 10hm~2 on the disturbance effects of the rodent communities in Alashan desert region. 10hm~2 and 40hm~2 belong to the same scale domain. Furthermore, the disturbance effects on 10hm~2 and 40hm~2 are greatly better than on 1hm~2 in the reflection of the disturbance effects of the rodent communities in Alashan desert region. (3) Meriones meridianus and Cricetulus barabensis adapted to the habitats under the farming disturbance and forbidden grazing disturbance very well; Phodopus roborovskii adapted to the habitat under the rotational grazing disturbance very well, and Dipus sagitta adapted to the habitat under the over-grazing disturbance very well. Moreover,the numeral dynamic of Phodopus roborovskii and Dipus sagitta have an indicative function to the grazing intensity in Alashan desert ecosystem. (4) Dipus sagitta has greater tolerance than Meriones meridianus and Allactaga sibirica in the process of habitat fragmentation in Alashan desert, despite Dipus sagitta having a narrow niche breadth and Meriones meridianus and Allactaga sibirica having a wide niche breadth. (5) The niche characteristics on different scales show a hierarchical scale effect and a dynamically inlaying pattern on the rodent communities in Alashan desert region.更多还原