【作者】 何桥；

【导师】 梁国鲁； 谢江辉；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 果树学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 莲雾（Syzygium samarangense（B1.）Merr.et Perry）又称洋蒲桃、甜雾、爪哇蒲桃等,原产于马来半岛,安达曼群岛一带,其果实色泽艳丽、果形独特、风味清香,是热带、南亚热带地区近年新开发的珍稀果树之一。中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所目前收集了国内外性状优良的莲雾资源10余份,并开展了相关的一些基础性研究。但由于莲雾各品种（系）大多采取产地和果实性状复合命名的法则命名,因此,极有可能造成同物异名或是同名异物现象。另外,莲雾栽培中一个关键的技术就是进行产期调节,目前主要通过修剪、化学药剂处理结合加强栽培管理等措施来进行调控,其效果往往也不甚稳定。 针对以上两个影响莲雾栽培推广的主要问题,本研究以“黑珍珠”莲雾为试材,对ISSR-PCR反应体系中儿个主要影响因子进行了优化筛选。结果表明:25μ1 ISSR-PCR反应体系各组分的最适浓度分别为,1×Buffer(不含Mg²⁺)、2.0mmol/LMg²⁺、0.2mmol/L dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶1.5U、引物0.2μmol/L、模板1.0ng/μl。此外,加入1.6%的甲酰胺有利于减轻背景噪音的干扰。 利用优化的实验体系,首次对12份莲雾资源和2个莲雾近缘种（蒲桃（S.jambos）和马六甲蒲桃（S.malaccense））进行了ISSR分子鉴别和亲缘关系分析。结果表明:18条引物共扩增出459个位点,其中多态性位点435个,多态位点百分率为94.8%。除了海引2号和海南淡红种之间的Dice相似性系数为0.882外,其它各供试材料之间的相似性系数都在0.347～0.811之间,表明供试材料不存在同物异名现象。通过UPGMA聚类分析发现蒲桃,马六甲蒲桃与莲雾分属于3个不同的组,第一组为蒲桃,第二组包括12份莲雾类型或品系,第三组是马六甲蒲桃。第二组又可以分成4个亚组,第一亚组包括澳洲淡红种;第二亚组包括黑珍珠、二十世纪、海引1号,其果实成熟期都在6月中旬,属于中熟类型;第三亚组有福建紫果种、文吕青皮种、广西深红种、海南火红种、福建青果种和白色棒状种,除白色棒状种莲雾果实在6月上旬成熟外,其余都在5月下旬,归属于早熟类型;第四亚组包括海引2号和海南淡红种,其果实成熟期都在6月下旬,为晚熟类型。这与传统分类学上按照果实成熟期的划分结果基本一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wax apple (syzygium samarangense Merr. et Perry) also known as Samalanga Syzygium, tianwu, Zhuawa roseapple et al. It indigenous from Malaya to the Andaman island, and good in color, smell and taste, is one of several rare fruit trees developed in tropic and southern subtropic rigions of recent years. More than 10 germplasms with excellent characters have been collected by Southern Subtropical Crop Research Institute of CATAS from the world presently, and carried some basic studies accordingly. Because the varities of wax apples mostly named by combining with the place of production and fruit characters, probably brought about synonym and homonym. In additon, a critical technique in cultivation of wax apple is to control the period of flowering, now through pruning, chemical treatment and management for the purpose, but often obtained no obvious effects.According to the above-mentioned two mainly questions, the experiment used black pearl cultivar as the template DNA to obtain the optimum ISSR reaction system of Wax apple. The results showed that the optimum concentrations of components such as Buffer, Mg~2+,dNTPs,Taq DNA polymerase, primer, template DNA in 25μ1 reaction system were lxBuffer(without Mg~2+), 2.0mmol/L,0.2mmol/L, 1.5U, 0.2(Amol/L, 1.0ng/nl, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of 1.6% formamide was propitious to reduce the disturbance.Using the optimum system, 12 varities of wax apples and 2 closely related species, 5. jambos and S.malaccense, were studied of relationship and molecular identification for the first time. A totle of 459 unambiguous bands were got with 18 primers, out of them 435 (94.8%) were polymorphic. Excepted that the Dice coefficient between Haiyin NO.2 and Hainan danhong were 0.882, the others were between 0.347 and 0.811, thus there without any synonym. The dendrogram with UPGMA method showed these accessions were divided into 3 groups: wax apple, S. jambos and S.malaccense. 12 cultivars and varieties of wax apple were further divided into 4 subgroups: (1) Aozhoudanhong;更多还原