【作者】 余东；

【导师】 曾明；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 果树学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 我国柑桔生产迅猛发展,柑桔产量居世界第三。但长期以来我国柑桔生产单产低、品质差、效益低的问题一直没有得到很好地解决。分析其原因固然是多方面的,但与我国柑桔立地条件差、肥水不足、忽视果园土壤管理或果园土壤管理不当密切有关,而根本的问题是果园土壤肥力低下限制了各种栽培技术措施效果的充分发挥。生草栽培正是解决这一问题的有效途径。 目前已经确知,丛枝菌根在促进植物生长,提高养分吸收率,生态系统养分循环及保护植物抵御不良环境胁迫中起关键作用。已经证明柑桔生长对菌根真菌有很高的依赖性,运用菌根技术于我国柑桔生产,有利于降低生产成本、提高果实品质、改善土壤物理化学性质和提高肥水利用率。优化我国的柑桔产业。 从生态环境保护、省力化栽培以及无公害果品生产出发,世界各国在果园耕作制度上,广泛推行生草栽培,并进行了一系列研究,但这些研究主要集中在果园生态系统环境控制方面。植物它感作用普遍存在于自然界,而应用它感作用原理,如何选择适宜的间作物和种植模式,以充分利用间作物有益的它感效应,将果园生态系统的环境控制与生物控制有机结合,少见研究报道。而如何利用植物之间和植物与微生物之间有益的化感作用,消除或降低有害的化感作用是必须考虑的问题。针对以上问题,本试验从它感效应入手做了以下研究: 试验1 不同间作物的间作效应的研究 通过盆栽试验研究白三叶草、黑麦草和百脉根等三种间作物对枳苗生长和枳苗菌根形成的影响,从中筛选出适宜柑桔园栽培的生草草种。 试验发现接种AMF能显著提高枳苗P、K等矿质营养的吸收,促进了枳苗根系磷酸酶活性、蛋白质和糖等光合产物的吸收和积累、膜保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,从而显著促进了枳苗的生长。生草栽培能提高枳苗根系菌根菌繁殖体密度和菌根的形成,间接地促进了枳苗的生长。 栽培白三叶草和百脉根能显著提高枳苗N、P、K等矿质营养的吸收,促进了枳苗根系活更多还原

【Abstract】 The production of citrus in our country develops very rapidly. Its yield occupies the third place in the world, but the problems of low production per plant, low quality and low efficiency have not been solved for a long time. The reasons for it are various. It is closely related to the barren of soil, the eficiency of fertilizer and the ignorance of effective management in orchard. The basic reason is that the low soil fertility limits the effects of various cultivating techniques and measures. Sod-culture is the effective way to solve this problem.It is already known that the AM (Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, AM) plays a key role in promoting the growth of plants, the absorption of nutrients, nutrient cycling in the ecosystem and protecting host plants against environmental stress. It is proved that the growth of citrus heavily relies on AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, AMF). The utilization of AMF in the production of citrus in our country can efficiently decrease the cost of production, increase the quality of fruits, improve the chemical quality of soil and increase the utilization of fertilizer to optimize citrus industry of our country.In order to protect entironment, cultivate with saved-labor and produce fruits without social effects of pollution, the countries in the world widely use sod-culture cultivation in the orchard cultivation system and do a series of researches. However, these researches focus on the environmental control of orchard ecosystem. Allelopathy universally exists in the nature. It is rarely reported on the application of allelopathy to the selection of the proper intercrop and plant pattern to fully utilize beneficial allelopathy to combine the environmental control and biological control in orchard ecosystem. It must be considered the problem of how to utilize the beneficial allelopathy between plants and between plants and microorganism to remove harmful allelopathy. Aimed at the problems above, these experiments were carried out from allelopathy.Experiment 1 Study on the intercrop effects of different grass speciesBy potted plant experiments, the effects of intercrops (Trifolium repen L., Lotus corniculatus L. and Lolium perenne L. )on the growth of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. seedling and the formation of its AM were studied to screen the best grass species proper to citrus orchard cultivation.It was discovered that inoculate AMF could greatly enhance Poncirus trifoliata Raf. seedling nutrient absorption of minerals, such as P, K,ect., and promote the activity of phosphatase of root system of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. seedling, the absorption and accumulation of the products of photosynthesis as protein and sugar, the enzymatic activities of membrane protection system (SOD、 POD、 CAT), which remarkably promoted the growth of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. seedling. Sod-culture could increase the reproduce density of AMF and the formation of AM, which promoted the growth of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. seedling indirectly.The cultivation of Trifolium repen L. and Lotus corniculatus L. could notably increase Poncirus trifoliata Raf. seedling nutrient absorption of minerals, as N, P, K, promote the activity of the root system of Poncirus trifoliata Raf.seedling, the absorption and accumulation of the products of photosynthesis, the activity of membrane protective system and promote the growth of Poncirus trifoliata Rafseedling. However, the cultivation of Lolium perenne L.had no noticeable promoting effects and even showed certain restraining effects. The cultivation of Trifolium repen L. .. Lolium perenne L. and Lotus corniculatus L. could greatly increase the number of AMF spores and the length of hyphae in soil and promote the formation of Poncirus trifoliata Rafseedling AM to increase the growth ofPoncirus trifoliata Rafseedling.By comparison of Poncirus trifoliata Raf. seedling’s mineral nutrition, activity of root system, the products of photosynthesis, the activity of membrane protective system and the way of growth and the comparison of the promoting effects of the formation of Poncirus trifoliata Rafseedling AM of Trifolium repen L., Lotus corniculatus L. and Lolium perenne L., it was concluded that Trifolium repen Lwas the best orchard grass species proper to citrus orchard.Experiment 2 Study on effects of extracts of the proper intercrop on the growth of Poncirus trifoliata Rail seedling in vitroApplying the aqueous extracts and the 80% methanol extracts of Trifolium repen L. into MS culture medium, research on the the effects of extracts of Trifolium repen L. on the growth of Poncirus trifoliata Raf.seedling in vitro was conducted. The results showed the aqueous extracts of Trifolium repen L. at the volume of 0.5ml, 1 ml and 1.5ml could notably promote the growth of更多还原