【作者】 孙永萍；

【导师】 温远光； 李春干；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 青秀山是南宁市著名的风景名胜区之一,被誉为南宁市的“绿肺”。青秀山景观格局的变化情况对南宁市的生态环境建设具有重要的意义。研究青秀山的景观格局,有助于正确反映人类活动对自然环境造成的干扰破坏,有助于从无序的景观上发现潜在的有序或规律,对于寻求资源利用的科学方式和合理规模,改善区域生态环境,保持社会经济可持续发展具有积极的现实意义。 本文运用景观生态学原理,借助遥感和地理信息系统技术,在野外调查的基础上,采用1964年、1985年和2001年三期1:10000的航空像片,经校正、增强处理后进行景观斑块区划,边界数字化和斑块类型的解译判读,计算各斑块的面积和周长,以此作为空间分析的基础数据。分析了该风景区不同景观类型随时间推移的空间分布特征;提出了伸长度的算法,描述了可以表现伸缩程度的图形;提出了分析典型斑块类型转换和边界特征的方法;根据前37a的动态变化预测出了后20a的变化趋势,并定量分析了动态变化的驱动机制。结果显示: (1)青秀山的景观多样性逐年增高,优势度减小,均匀度增加,各类型所占比例相对均匀,没有出现某一景观类型占优势的现象。 (2)常绿阔叶林和马尾松林的破碎化程度在1964年到1985年比较严重,之后有所修复,经济林和农业用地等人工景观的破碎化程度一直在增加,表明人为干扰十分强烈。 (3)各类型的斑块数都有增加的趋势,但平均斑块面积在逐渐减小。由伸长度指数看,斑块形状在经过1985年比较大的波动后,趋于规则;从类型转换图来看,逐渐由大而连续的斑块类型转变为小而不连续的斑块类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 Qingxiushan Mountain is one of the famous interesting area in Nnanning city. It is like of the green lung of Nanning city. The changeable situation of landscape pattern of Qingxiushan Mountain plays an important role in the building of ecological environment in Nnanning city. Studying the landscape pattern of Qingxiushan Mountain will help to reflect accurately the disturbance which human activity do harm to the environment. This will also help to find regular rules of the changeable landscape. It will play an important role in the scientific fashions and reasonable scale of resource, improving environment of region, helping sustainable development of society and economy.In this paper, according to the theoretic of the landscape ecology and based on the GIS, after investigation in open country, landscape pattern were divided in the space photos which are 1:10000 of 1964, 1985 and 2001. After then, the areas and perimeters of patches were calculated. These numbers were regarded as the basic numbers. The landscape diversity, mean patch fractal dimension and landscape fragment and so on were calculated to analyze the changeable spatial structure of landscape pattern in Qingxiushan Mountain interesting area in Nanning city. On the other hand, the calculation and chart of comparison index have been advised in this paper. The analyzable methods of type change and characteristic boundary of representative patch have also been presented in this paper. And then, the changeable situation has been forecasted from 2005 to 2020. At last, human activity were considered to be the determining factors of the changeable landscape pattern in this paper. The results of study showed:(1) Landscape diversity of Qingxiushan Mountain increased with years. Landscape dominance reduced and evenness increased with years. The area of each landscape was comparatively equal. The phenomenon which one of the landscape type occupied a dominant position has not been found.(2) The fragment of the every green broad-leaf forest and p.massoniana forest were higher from 1964 to 1985. After then, it reduced a little. The farm land and orchard are human landscape. They were always higher than others, which also indicated that the forest in Qingxiushan Mountain was disturbed intensively by human activity.(3) The number of patch of each landscape will increased with years. But the average area of patch will be reduced. From the comparison of tensibility of representative patch, the shape of patch was more complex in 1985. After then, it became more regular with years; Analysis the conversion of representative patch, we found that the huge and continous patches had been became many small and discontinous patches with years.(4)According to the result of forecast, from 2005 to 2020, the area of forest will bereduced in addition to the every green broad-leaf forest, while the area of orchard, farm land and building land will be increased, which indicated that the forest in Qingxiushan Mountain will be always disturbed intensively by human activity.(5) The human activities were considered to be the determining factors of the changeable situation of landscape pattern. These disturbances are the building of road, residential area, fell trees, building land and public place of entertainment.更多还原