【作者】 程龙飞；

【导师】 陈溥言；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 兽医， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 鸭疫里默氏菌(Riemerella anatipestifer, RA)病是由鸭疫里默氏菌引起的雏鸭、雏鹅、雏火鸡以及野鸡等多种雏禽的一种传染性疾病,表现急性或慢性败血症,造成巨大的经济损失。RA感染最早由Riemer于1904年报道在鹅群申发生。此后,美国、英国、加拿大等国相继报道了该病的发生。我国郭玉璞于1982年首次报道了北京郊区三个商品鸭场发生RA,我省林业杰等于1989年在福州的鸭场分离到RA。至现在全球范围内大多数有集约化养鸭生产的国家和地区均有本病发生,在我国几乎所有养鸭区都有发生。RA为革兰氏阴性小杆菌,属黄杆菌科。至今国际上公认的血清型有1-21共21种。各血清型之间均无显著的交叉保护。 药物防治曾是我国许多地区控制该病的主要措施,但受到防治效果差、成本增加、胴体中药物残留等问题的影响,免疫预防是防制该病的发展方向。 本研究调查了福建省的主要养鸭密集区流行的鸭疫里默氏菌的血清型,在分离鉴定的163株RA中,血清1型占22.7%,2型占57.1%,13型占1.2%,未定型合计占19%。可见我省流行的鸭疫里默氏菌血清型多而复杂,但以1型和2型为主。筛选佐剂试验结果表明,免疫保护率以油乳剂疫苗最高,其次是蜂胶疫苗,铝胶疫苗最差。副作用从铝胶疫苗、蜂胶疫苗、油乳剂疫苗依次增强;对于同一种疫苗,颈部皮下接种的副作用小于腿部肌肉接种。结合实际生产中的应用效果及副作用观察,最终选用油乳剂疫苗,接种部位选择颈部背侧皮下。我们试制的1型鸭疫里默氏菌油乳剂疫苗经无菌检验和安全性检验均合格,近期保护率高达83.3%-100%,且免疫后56天保护指数仍可达100%。本研究还建立了检测鸭血清中2型RA抗体的ELISA方法,特异性强,与试管凝集试验相比,敏感320倍。用该方法对免疫过2型鸭疫里默氏菌灭活油乳剂疫苗的鸭群进行抗体水平的跟踪测定,发现鸭群在免疫后7天开始产生抗体,免疫后28天左右时达到最高峰,然后开始下降,免疫后56天抗体水平仍高于免疫后14天的水平,该结果与免疫保护试验结果相吻合。在此基础上,我们以我省主要流行的1型和2型RA制备二价灭活疫苗,在我省推广应用100万羽份。更多还原

【Abstract】 Riemerella anatipestifer is the etiologic agent of exudative septicemia, a contagious, chronic or acute septicemic disease of ducks, geese, turkeys and pheasants. R. anatipestifer has caused severe losses in duck production. R. anatipestifer was first described in geese by Riemer in 1904, and has been reported in America, UK and Canada et al subsequently. Guo YP, in China, first reported R. anatipestifer infection from 3 commercial duck farms in Beijing in 1982. Lin YJ reported the first isolation of Fujian province from Fuzhou in 1989. R. anatipestifer has a worldwide distribution. R. anatipestifer is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Flavobacteriaceae. Presently, 21 serotypes have been identified. There is no obvious cross-protection among serotypes.Veterinary drug has ever been the major measure to control R. anatipestifer infection. But it must face the problems such as low effectiveness, high cost and drug residue in carcass. So immunization would be the main trend for controlling R. anatipestifer infection.Serotype investigation of R. anatipestifer has been made in our study. 163 strains were isolated from Fujian province, and they belonged to 1(22.7%)、 2(57.1%)、 13(1.2%) and unidentified (19%). The result demonstrated the main serotypes of R. anatipestifer in Fujian province were serotype 1 and 2. The selection test of 3 adjuvant indicated that the protection rate and unwant effect of the oil-emulsion bacterin of R. anatipestifer were the highest, that of the propolis bacterin secondary, while that of the aluminium hydroxide bacterin the lowest. Ducks have lower unwant effect vaccinated with the same vaccine by route into the neck skin than by muscle of thigh. Considering the effect of application and unwant effect, we selected the oil-emulsion bacterin of R. anatipestifer and the inject location of subcutaneous neck skin. The test of non-bacteria and security showed the oil-emulsion bacterin of RA serotype 1 was up to grade, the protection rate is between 83.3% to 100% shortly after immunization, and this figure still keep on 100% in 56 days of postimmunization. The Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay(ELISA) to detect R. anatipestifer antibody in serum of ducks has been developed in this study. The bivalent bacterin of R. anatipestifer serotype land 2 was developed on the ground of upper research. And the vaccine has been applied to 1 million ducks in Fujian province.更多还原