【作者】 周益添；

【导师】 何勇； 崔绍荣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着农业环境工程技术的突破,设施农业迅速发展起来,成为一种集约化程度很高的农业生产技术。虽然集约化程度的提高使有限的耕地面积得到了充分的利用,提高了单位产量,也大大提高了农业产业规模,但是由此产生的废物浓度累积更大,特别是设施农业生产条件下产生的富营养养殖废水。如果采用工业化污水处理设备对污染进行消除将会大大增加农业生产的成本,大大减少农业生产收益,甚至变成负收益。传统的稀释排放会造成很大的环境污染,并且由于农业废水中含有大量的营养物质,完全可以二次利用,减少农业生产的投入产出比,降低生产成本。从营养物质的利用和经济性的角度讲,耦合的生态系统在农业经济生产中更有利于营养物质的循环利用和能量的回收,减少或消除污染的排放,达到显著的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。 本研究立足于“农业富营养水处理系统的设计与实施”,以营养液膜栽培(NFT)牧草轮作轮收栽培原理为设计依据,以农业机械化为设计采用手段,设计农业设施装备原型设施与装备,用于治理畜禽养殖和面源污染,保护水源保护区的地面水和地下水源不污染,成为可进行市场推广的生态农业系统污染处理的配套装备。具体研究内容与获得成果如下: (1) 富营养水牧草滤清的工艺流程的设计,并能够完成切实可行的流程设计图。在本工艺流程中,能够模拟生态系统结构与功能相互协调及物质再生,用无废物的生态工艺畜禽(水产)-牧草综合生产系统方案代替传统工艺,实现整个生态系统资源合理的充分利用和永续利用,提高资源利用率,达到持续最大的生态效率和环境的洁净。 (2) 研究富营养水牧草滤清的原理与效果,通过机理研究,弄清牧草对营养吸收的生物特性,由此来指导实际设施的设计工作,更好地设计间歇供水草类作物轮种轮收富营养水净化装置。 (3) 设计并实施适合牧草生长与废水处理的基础设施。根据间歇供水草类作物轮种轮收富营养水净化原理,设计不同的牧草生产方式,形成不同的基础设施设计方案。设施需要采用装配式结构,形成适合现代农户规模化生产的工厂化生态农业生产设施。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the break-through of agriculture’s environmental engineering, the protected agriculture develops rapidly, becoming the agricultural production technology of a kind of intensification with very high degree. Though the improvement which intensifies the degree makes the limited cultivated area gets abundant use, has improved unit’s output, and has improved the agricultural industry’s scale greatly too, but the density of wastes produced from this accumulates larger, especially the waste water of rich nutrition produced under the agricultural working condition of protected cultivates. If we adopt the industrialized sewage disposal equipment to, the cost will increase agricultural production greatly, and reduce the agricultural production income greatly, even lose the money. Traditional dilution and discharge are that can cause heavy environmental pollution, and because agricultural waste water contain a large amount of nutriment, which can utilize two times and reduce the input-output ratio of agricultural production, reduce the production cost. From the economic and using point of view of nutriment, the ecosystem of coupling helps the circulation utilizing of energy and the recovery of nutriment even more in agriculture’s economic production, reducing or dispelling the discharge of pollution, reaching remarkable economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefit.This research bases on " design and implementation of agriculture’s rich nutrition water process system ", accepts the culture principle as design considerations with the rotating plant and harvest of crop and NFT (nutrient film technology) -cultured terrestrial grasses, by means of turning and designing adopting in agricultural machinery, we can design agricultural facilities and prototype equip equipment. It can control the pollution for livestock and poultry and the non-point source pollution, protect source of water-surface water and underground source of water of protection zone, and become the equipment dealing with pollution of the system of ecologicalagriculture that can be accepted by market. The concrete research contents are as follows:(1) The designs of technological process of the rich nutrition water filtration by grass, and finishing the flow chart with feasible procedure. In this technological process, we can imitate ecosystem structure and function coordinating each other and material regeneration. Use the ecological process without waste as livestock and poultry (aquatic) - grass comprehensive production system to replace the traditional crafting. Realize rational abundant use of whole ecosystem resource and continuous utilization, improve the resource utilization ratio, and reach the sustaining greatest ecological efficiency and cleaning of the environment.(2) Study principle and result that the rich nutrition water grass filtrates. Study through the principle, we can clarify the biological characteristic that the grass absorbs nutrition, therefore come to guide the design work of real facilities, design the device of the rotating plant and harvest of crop intermittently for cleaning the rich nutrition better.(3) Design the suitable infrastructure for the grass to grow and the wastewater treatment. According to the principle of the rotating plant and harvest of crop intermittently for cleaning the rich nutrition, we design different mode of grass production, form different plan of design of infrastructure. Facilities need to adopt the assembling type structure, and form the production facility of factory ecological agriculture, which suits the modern peasant household’s large-scale production. The ones that must consider are: First, the cost should be low, suitable for popularizing in the countryside; second, it can be regarded as a part of factory agricultural production; third, it should accord with the specification requirement of the integrative ecosystem of the animals and plants cultivation.(4) Design the transmission mechanical system of the suitable grass reaped. According to the request of agricultural production of更多还原