【作者】 李二超；

【导师】 陈立侨；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 以各营养成分含量为依据,对大豆浓缩蛋白(Soy Protein Concentrate,SPC)作为水产饵料蛋白源进行了初步的评价。并在此基础上,以SPC为饵料蛋白源,替代不同比例中华绒螯蟹饵料的鱼粉,尝试从其对中华绒螯蟹生长、体成分、消化生理、免疫力及对养殖水环境各方面影响进行综合评价,以期为饲料蛋白源开发和水产养殖提供理论基础和依据。研究结果如下:1. SPC作为水产饲料蛋白源的各营养成分分析通过分析SPC各种营养成分(粗蛋白质,水分,粗脂肪,粗纤维,粗灰分、磷和氨基酸)及抗营养素组成和含量,并与进口鱼粉进行比较,对SPC作为水产饲料蛋白源的利弊进行全面的评价。结果表明:SPC粗蛋白质含量高,一般都可以超过进口鱼粉;氨基酸较平衡,但组氨酸、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸较进口鱼粉低;抗营养因子和磷含量低,也是SPC相对比鱼粉的一个重要优点。其作为水产动物饲料蛋白源,部分替代饲料中的鱼粉,不但可以缓解鱼粉资源紧张的局面,而且还可以减小对养殖水环境的污染,所以其在水产饲料中的应用前景十分乐观。2. 配饵中不同SPC含量对中华绒螯蟹生长和体成分的影响以SPC.(Soy protein concentrate,SPC)对中华绒螯蟹生长和体成分的影响试验为基础,探讨了其作为中华绒螯蟹饵料蛋白源的可能性及最适添加比例。根据中华绒螯蟹对饵料中蛋白的需求,用SPC逐渐替代鱼粉作为蛋白源配制成6种近似等蛋等能的饵料,其中SPC在饵料中的含量分别为0、 11、 22、 33、 44和56%(分别替代饵料中鱼粉质量的0、 18. 64、 37. 93、 56. 90、 77. 19和100%)。中华绒螯蟹随机分为6组,分别用上述6种饵料饲喂,组1为对照组,饵料蛋白源全部为鱼粉,50d后,分析SPC添加比例对中华绒螯蟹生长和体成分的影响。生长试验表明:随着SPC在饵料含量中的升高,中华绒螯蟹成活率呈下降之势,组1-5之间无显著性差异(P>0. 05) ,但组6(100%替代)与组1之间存在显著性差异(P<0. 05) ;蜕壳率先随SPC在饵料中的含量升高而上升,而后下降,显著性分析显示,组1-5之间不存在显著性差异(P>0. 05) ,而组6显著低于对照组1(P<0. 05) ; 增重率、特殊体长(宽)增长率的变化规律与蜕壳率相似,更多还原

【Abstract】 As a protein source for aquatic animals , Soy Protein Concentrate (SPC) was systematically evaluated based on its content of nutrient and its effects on growth, body composition, digestive physiology, immune function, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus excretion. The results were followed.1. Primary evaluation of SPC nutrition as a protein source for aquatic animalsThe potential of SPC was evaluated based on its biochemical compositions, including crude protein, lipid, moisture, carbohydrate, phosphorus and anti-nutritional factors. The results showed that, compared with fish meal and other protein source, soybean protein concentrate has a high level of crude protein, good profile and high level of amino acids, and low level of phosphors. Incorporation of soybean protein concentrate in the diet of aquatic animals will not contribute to reduce the pollution of aquaculture water, but also can lighten the urgency for shortage of fish meal in aquaculture diets.2. Effects of SPC as a Diet Protein Source on Growth and Body Composition of Eriocheir sinensisThe effect of SPC (SPC) as a partial or total replacement of fish meal (FM) was studied in Eriocheir sinensis. Six experiment diets containing a gradient of SPC were fed to duplicate group of crab over 50 days at 24±1℃. Crabs fed diets of total fishmeal and containing 0, 11, 22, 33, 44and 56% of SPC showed growth performance (Replacement of FM were 0, 18.64, 37.93, 56.90, 77.19, 100%, respectively), named diet 1-6. Diet 1 contained no SPC and served as control. Crabs fed the diets containing 22 and 44% of SPC had comparable growth performance as the crabs fed other diets, while total replacement of FM adversely affected growth. Survival rate increased with the increasing of SPC in the diet, and significant difference was observed between group 6 and the control (group 1) (P<0.05), whilefor the molt rate, it firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing of SPC in the diet, and it was significantly lower than group 6 (P<0.05); Weight gain, GBP, SGRW, and SGRL showed similar change as molt rate. Compared with the control, replacement of FM would reach 77.17% without adverse effect of growth, while according to the quadratic equation between replacement ratio and weight gain, the optimum replacement of FM by SPC for growth was 38.74%. FCR, PCR, PUR, FR firstly increased with the SPC content increasing in the diet, and then decreased, and significantly lower than the control (P<0.05). The results of body composition of Eriocheir sinensis showed that with increasing content of SPC in the diets, there was an increasing moisture and decreasing protein and lipid content. Protein content of crabs fed diet 5 and 6 were significantly lower than that of crabs fed with other diets (P<0.05), and lipid contents in crabs of group 4, 6 were significantly lower than that in control.3. Effects of SPC as a dietary protein source on nutrient metabolism of Eriocheir sinensisMeanwhile, the effects of SPC on digestive enzyme activities of Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The trypsin, pepsin, amylase, cellulose, lipase and muscle amino acids were measured on days 50 after initiation of feeding. There was a tendency of decreasing of pepsin and trypsin activities with the incorporation of SPC levels increasing in the diets. When incorporation of SPC level was up to 44% in the diets, significant decreasing of trypsin and pepsin specific activity were found in the juvenile crabs. Besides, there seemed to be a tendency of increasing of amylase activity, and a tendency of decreasing of cellulose activity with the increasing of SPC level in the diet. The increasing tendency of A/T ratio showed that with the increasing of SPC in the diets, Eriocheir sinensis had the tendency to be herbivorous, indicating that Eriocheir sinensis may have an adaptation to the different contents of fish meal and SPC, and it also supports that SPC can be used in the diet for Eriocheir sinensis.The blood chemistry and RNA: DNA ratios in different tissues were also studied. The results showed the total amino acids (TAA)更多还原