【作者】 王晓丽；

【导师】 金利通；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 分析化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米技术和生物技术是21世纪的两大领先技术,在这两者之间存在着许多技术交叉,其中,纳米生物传感技术(Nanobiosensing technology)将有望成为新兴产业。 自从1967年第一支葡萄糖传感器诞生以来,生物传感技术已成为前沿技术,它是一个由生物、化学、医学、物理、电子技术等多种学科相互渗透形成的研究领域。生物传感器具有选择性高、分析速度快、操作简易和仪器价格低廉等特点,而且可进行在线甚至活体分析,在临床诊断、环境监测、食品工业等方面得到了高度重视和广泛应用。 纳米技术(nanotechnology)主要是针对尺度为1nm～100nm之间的分子世界的一门技术。该尺寸处在原子、分子为代表的微观世界和宏观物体交界的过渡区域,基于此尺寸的系统既非典型的微观系统亦非典型的宏观系统,因此有着独特的化学性质和物理性质,如表面效应、微尺寸效应、量子效应和宏观量子隧道效应等,呈现出常规材料不具备的优越性能。纳米技术的介入为生物传感器的发展提供了无穷的想象空间。纳米技术引入生物传感器领域后,提高了生物传感器的灵敏度和其它性能,并促发了新型的生物传感器。因为具有了亚微米的尺寸、换能器、探针或者纳米微系统,生物传感器的化学和物理性质和其对生物分子或者细胞的检测灵敏度大幅提高,检测的反应时间也得以缩短,并且可以实现高通量的实时检测分析。 本论文的工作主要集中在基于纳米材料的新型生物传感器及其应用研究。与传统的酶生物传感器相比,基于纳米材料的新型生物传感器呈现出更优越的性能,论文中对其可能的机理进行了探讨。同时,论文的另一个工作重点在于将研制的新型纳米生物传感器应用于实际体系的测量,并与其它技术(如微渗析技术)联用,实现了对尿酸、过氧化氢等的测定。本论文努力实现将纳米技术、生物传更多还原

【Abstract】 Nanotechnology and biotechnology are two key technologies of the 21st century. Herein, nanobiosensing technology is one of the cutting edges and becomes an emerging area nowadays.Biosensors have developed to be a frontier and newly-interdisciplinary including chemistry, biology, medical science and electronics since the development of the first glucose biosensor in 1967. Due to its simplicity, high sensitivity and potential ability for real-time and on-site analysis, biosensors have been widely applied in various fields including clinical diagnosis, environment monitoring, food control and industrial process and so on.Nanotechnology involves the study, manipulation, creation and use of materials, devices and systems typically with dimensions smaller than 100 nm. Nanomaterials, or matrices with at least one of their dimensions ranging in scale from 1 to 100 nm, display unique physical and chemical features because of effects such as the quantum size effect, mini size effect, surface effect and macro-quantum tunnel effect. Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the development of biosensors. Sensitivity and other attributes of biosensors can be improved by using nanomaterials in their construction. On the other hand, use of nanomaterials in biosensors allows the use of many new signal transduction technologies in their manufacture. Because of their submicron size, nanosensors, nanoprobes and other nanosystems are revolutionizing the fields of chemical and biological analysis, to enable rapid analysis of multiple substances in vivo.This dissertation focuses on 1) fabricating novel biosensors based on new nanomaterials and nanostructures, and integrated them with microdialysis. 2) establishing the bases for application of them to biological and clinical diagnose. We are adhering to an organic combination of nanotechnology, biosensing technology and clinical researches. The details are given as follows:1. Study on the Uric Acid Biosensor Modified with Carbon Nanotubesand its ApplicationsSince the discovery of carbon nanobutes in 1991,they have attracted much attention becaude of remarkable nanostructures combined high surface area, high electrical conductivity, good chemical stability and significant mechanical strength. Depending on their atomic structure, the subtle electronic properties suggest that carbon nanotubes have the ability to promote electon-transfer reactions when used as an electrode in chemical reactions. However, the purified carbon nanobutes flocculate rapidly in aqueous or common organic solution, hinder their further manipulation and application. Important progress along these lines was recently achieved. In this previous work, a stable collidal suspendion in water could be made for the single-wall carbon nanobutes fuctionalized.(i) Study on the Uric Acid Biosensor Modified with Carbon Nanotubes and its Application in Detection of Uric acid Level in UrineA uric acid biosensor is constructed by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glutaraldehyde as crossing linker to immobilize uricase on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The MWNT modified uric acid biosensor exhibits remarkably catalytic effect toward the electrochemical oxidation of uric acid. The currents (measured by DPV response) increase linearly with the concentration of uric acid in the range of 5.0 X10~-6 ~ 1.0 X 10~-3 mol-L~-1. The calculated detection limit is 2.5 X10~-6 mol L~-1 . Furthermore, the sensor requires no special pretreatment to suppress interference from L-ascorbate. It is successfully used in the detection of uric acid level in human urine with high stability, sensitivity and anti-poisoning ability.(2) Assay of Uric Acid Level in Rat Striatum by a Reagentless Biosensor Based on Functionalized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Tin OxideA reagentless amperometric uric acid biosensor based on functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with tin oxide (SnO2) was firstly developed. It was successfully applied to assay uric acid level from an in vivo microdialysis sampling. Compared with tho更多还原