【作者】 戴兴春；

【导师】 黄民生； 谢冰；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 活性污泥法是污水处理行业的重要处理工艺,该工艺主要原理是强化和利用微生物吸附,絮凝及降解功能去除污水中的污染物质,达到净化的目的。但活性污泥法在实际操作运行过程中常遇到一些运行难题。如:微生物系统受“冲击”;或发生污泥膨胀以及在系统表面形成大量的泡沫、浮渣等。 传统的监测方法对污泥法的运行中异常现象反应不及时,不能应对系统突发性事件或反应系统内微生物的状态,因此本论文着重从几个生理生化指标及分子生物学指标的分析入手,研究这些指标与活性污泥法中微生物及系统运行的关系,了解上述各项指标侧重反应的问题,力求建立一套生物处理系统异常情况的反应体系,并通过对这些指标的了解进而了解微生物活动的状态,从而达到对生物处理系统全面的了解目的。 针对一些受冲击的生物处理系统,本论文实验中采用投加沸石和生物促生液的方法进行修复,通过对投加沸石和促生液前后生物处理系统的出水水质、污泥指标、微生物的活性以及某种特定生物体数量的分析,得出结论:沸石和促生液对强化系统处理功能和提高系统耐受冲击有一定的作用,并且投加沸石对系统受氨冲击的修复作用有较大帮助,而促生液对系统受高浓度有机物冲击的修复效果显著。 对于生物处理系统中常见的污泥膨胀和表面泡沫问题,首先通过对引起膨胀和泡沫的丝状细菌的分析与鉴定,然后根据该种丝状细菌的生长特点和习性,在小试实验中模拟一定的条件,使之大量产生,从而了解促使该丝状菌产生的具体工况条件,便于日后生产实践中避免;最后在小试中进行投加化学试剂和利用工况调整的方法对其进行控制,为生产上出现紧急情况下的应急处理提供了有效的方法。 最后,根据本论文的实验结果以及其他的研究资料,两家污水处理厂在生产装置上对其活性污泥异常现象进行修复与控制,取得了较佳的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Activated sludge process is one of the most important technologies of wastewater treatment. On purpose of eliminating waste from the wastewater completely, the main progress of activated sludge process is to utilize and strengthen the absorbability, flocculation and elimination ability of microorganism. In practical operation, this method usually meet some difficulties such as the attack on microorganism, sludge inflation and foam and scum on the surface of the system.The traditional monitoring method may not reflect promptly on the emergence of the system and the correct situation of microorganism. Therefore, in order to solve the problem listed above, this paper laid high stress on the bio-chemical and molecular -biology parameters to study their relationship with the microorganism in activated sludge and with the system operation. The reflection of all the parameters is also studied subsequently to establish a reflection system for abnormality of the treatment system. The further study of the parameters is also illustrated in relation to research the microorganism activity.In this study, zeolite and Bio-Enegizer are used for the reclamations of the injured biological treatment system through the comparison of results of wastewater quality, sludge parameters and the quantity of some definite biomass in outlet and inlet with zeolite and Bio-Enegizer.The study indicates: the utilization of zeolite and Bio-Enegizer can strengthen the function of the system and improve the ability to resist the attack on the system. Moreover, zeolite also may help reclaim the attacked system by NH~4-N, while Bio-Enegizer is of great significance for the reclamation of the attacked system by high concentration organisms.To some problem of sludge inflation and superficial foam. Firstly, analyze and identify the filamentous bacteria which result in the sludge inflation and foam, then simulate the growing situation of it in pilot-scale test to enhance its propagation to conclude the concrete technology condition for practice. On condition of these studies, a effect method for emergency is supplied here by the experiment of chemical reagents and adjust the operating condition.Overall, on terms of the experimental result of this paper and the reference, the methods listed above have been used in two-wastewater treatment plant to control and reclaim the abnormality of activated sludge, which demonstrates the satisfied expectation.更多还原