【作者】 陈石明；

【导师】 来建础；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2005， 硕士

【副题名】葛兰西的文化领导权理论及其当代意义

【摘要】 本文从理论和实践的结合上对西方马克思主义哲学家安东尼奥·葛兰西的文化领导权理论进行了全面的分析和论证。 首先,分析了葛兰西文化领导权理论产生的时代背景和理论来源。俄国十月革命的胜利中西欧无产阶级革命的失败把西方革命的道路问题摆在了面前,“一战”后意大利的法西斯政权对人民实行恐怖主义,甚至使意大利共产党也不能合法存在,这些时代问题和国际国内环境迫使葛兰西开始了自己的独特思考。从理论来源看,文化领导权理论批判继承了马克思主义哲学的革命的批判的精神实质;吸取了马基雅维里《君主论》的政治意识形态和政治艺术相结合的思想。 其次,梳理了以市民社会为逻辑起点的文化领导权理论。根据葛兰西的独特界定,市民社会既不同于亚里斯多德从政治角度的理解,也不同于黑格尔、马克思从经济角度的诠释,而是从伦理文化和意识形态领域来理解,它既包括政党、工会、学校、教会等民间社会组织所代表的社会舆论领域,也包括报刊、杂志、新闻媒体、学术团体所代表的意识形态领域。他的文化领导权是建立在民众赞同基础上的意识形态领导权,提出必须以“阵地战”的方式来夺取文化领导权,即不主动出击,坚守自己的阵地,然后逐步扩大并最终夺取敌人的阵地,是无产阶级为赢得文化领导权进行的战斗,是获得民众赞同的保证;而与“运动战”不同,“运动战”是面对面地、直接地向敌人发动进攻,通过直接发动武装革命夺取资产阶级国家的领导权。他认为在工厂委员会领导工人阶级对资产阶级进行斗争受到了严重的挫折后,只有“现代君主”即无产阶级政党才能实现文化领导权;并通过依靠知识分子和发挥意识形态的“社会水泥”作用来巩固文化领导权。葛兰西的文化领导权蕴涵着从“霸权”到“合法化”的理论旨趣。作者认为文化领导权理论的基本要点是建立在实践哲学的基础之上的,是对马克思主义哲学实践观的丰富和发展。 再次,论文从文化领导权在当代西方社会主义中的作用,同马克思主义的关系以及在西方马克思主义发展中的地位的角度进行了全面分析和评价。指出文化领导权理论站在人本主义的角度坚持批判的立场,是灵活运用矛盾分析方法的典范,有着极为重要的哲学价值:第一,它把破坏资产阶级的文化领导权、争取工人阶级的文化领导权作为西方社会主义革命的重要战略方向;第二,它对反思以物为主线的传统马克思主义哲学教科书具有启发意义;第三,它对文化自身功能(特别是意识形态能动作用)的强调为西方文化研究提供了理论养分;第四,它从文化意义上概括市民社会的理路构成了帕森斯、哈贝马斯等人研究市民社会的基本坐标;第五,它成了阿尔都塞的意识形态国家机器和法兰克福学派的意识形态批判的直接理论来源。 最后,结合当代中国全面建设小康社会,构建社会主义和谐社会的实际分析了文化领导权理论的现实意义。第一,先进生产力总是在先进文化的开启和引导下向前发展的,因此把握文化领导权,重视文化力,要求我们党始终代表先进文化的前进方向。第二,政权的合法性要依赖意识形态,因此必须重视和加强我国的意识形态建设,发挥意识形态的“社会水泥”作用。第三,市民社会拜金主义的泛滥,要求加强我国的文化建设,寻求市民社会的文化生长点,引导其健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the article I make some academic analysis about the theory of culture hegemony by Antonio Gramsci who is Western Marxism philosopher and point out its practice significance.Firstly, I analyze the era-background and theory-origin of culture hegemony. The victory of October Revolution of Russia and the failure of proletariat revolution of center-west Europe makes people consider the way of western revolution. The fascist regime of Italia executes horror to people and makes the Communist Party of Italia not exist after War I. As theory-origin is concerned, the culture hegemony theory criticizes the inspirit essence of Marxism with inherit together. It absorbs the thought of combining political ideology and political art from on seigneur which written by Machiavelli.Secondly, I hackle the culture hegemony theory that is based logically on citizen society. According to Gramsci, citizen society is different from Aristotle who is defined in political angle, is also different from Hegel and Marx who is defined in economical angle, but he defines it as ethic culture and ideology. It includes the society opinion that is put forward by folk organisms such as party, labor union, school, ecclesia and so on, which includes ideology realm that is represented by newspaper, magazine, news media and academic group. His culture hegemony theory is ideology hegemony that is based on agreeing of people. He concludes the proletariat must snatch culture hegemony with "position war", that is, we don’t sortie initiatively, stand own position, then expand it step by step and finally snatch position of the enemy. The way is a fight to gain culture hegemony for proletariat, which is a plight to gain people’s favor. The way is also different from "movement war" that attacks the enemy face to face and snatches the hegemony of bourgeois through armed revolution. It is the proletariat party that realizes culture hegemony after failure to struggling for bourgeois in the lead of workshop committee. The confirmation of culture hegemony depends on intellectual and "society cement" of ideology. The culture hegemony theory embodies the purport from hegemony to legalization. I think that the content of culture hegemony is based on practice philosophy, which enriches the practice view of Marxism.Thirdly, I analyze the action of culture hegemony in contemporary western society, its relation with Marxism and its position in Western Marxism. I point out its critical standpoint in human-based angel. Culture hegemony is the model of contradiction method. It values in philosophy realm. It points out a way of Western Socialism Revolution. It prompts us to reflect the traditional teaching book. It offers theory nutrient to the research of western culture. It is a basic coordinate of studying the citizen society. It is the direct theory origin of ideology state machinery and ideology criticism.Finally, I elaborate the actual meaning of culture hegemony. Advanced productivity develops in the leading of advanced culture. CPC must always represent the heading of advanced culture so that we hold the culture hegemony and pay attention to the strength of culture. According to the legality of regime depending on ideology, we must strengthen the construction of ideology. Because of the flooding of mammonism, we must reinforce the construct of culture of culture and lead it to good facet.更多还原