【作者】 张立阳；

【导师】 薛林宝； 张凤兰；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 大白菜（Brassica.campestris L.ssp.pekinensis）原产我国,是我国栽培面积最大的蔬菜作物。了解大白菜主要性状的遗传特性,对于原始材料的收集、杂交亲本的选择、选配以及杂交后代的选择培育均具有重要意义。本研究对大白菜普通白心株系91-112和桔红心株系T12-19杂交的F1_进行游离小孢子培养,得到的100个DH株系为分离群体,采用AFLP标记、SSR标记、RAPD标记、同工酶标记、SCAR和形态标记等多种标记类型,构建了永久高密度的大白菜分子连锁图谱,并进行了部分农艺性状的QTL定位研究。 通过对天冬氨酸转氨酶（AAT）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）、苹果酸酶（ME）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶（PGM）、甲酸脱氢酶（FDH）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）七种同工酶进行电泳分析,得到在双亲间表现差异的谱带14条,其中共显性标记10个,占71.4%。结合本研究室前人所完成的263个AFLP标记、150个RAPD标记、17个SSR标记、1个SCAR标记和1个形态标记,共446个多态性标记用Joinmap 3.0软件构建了白菜分子连锁图谱。 构建的分子连锁图谱包含十个连锁群、406个标记位点,总长度826.3 cM,标记间的平均图距为2.0cM,连锁群数目和染色体数相等。每个连锁群上的标记数在7-111个之间,连锁群的长度在26.4 cM-156.1 cM的范围内,平均图距在1.0cM-3.8cM之间。该连锁图谱包括246个AFLP标记、135个RAPD标记、11个SSR标记和12个同工酶标记、1个SCAR标记和1个形态标记。406个分子标记中,来自父本的标记为222个,占54.7%,来自母本的为184个,占45.3%,符合1:1的理论分离比。各位点上,91-112的基因频率为79.6%-23.7%,平均为51.65%:T12-19的基因频率为20.4%-76.3%,平均为48.35%。所以,亲本在群体中的分离比例接近,说明该群体总体上没有出现严重的偏分离。 03、04年对双亲、F₁和DH群体的24个重要农艺性状根据《大白菜新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试标准》的调查方法进行。利用复合区间作图法把控制大白菜24个重要农艺性状的QTLs定位到遗传连锁群上,并进行了遗传效应分析。 03年数据的分析结果表明:控制24个农艺性状的225个位点被定位到除LG6和LG8的8个连锁群上每个性状1-23个QTLs不等,其加性效应各不相同,各位点的遗传贡献率差异较大,介于8.90%-88.90%之间,其中控制开展度的QTLs有10个,控制叶球高度的QTLsS23个,控制叶球宽度的QTL1个,控制球叶数的OTLs12个,控制外叶数的QTLs11个,控制心柱长的QTLs5个,控制中肋长的QTLs11个,控制中肋厚的QTLs5今,控制中肋宽度的QTLs10个,控制叶片长度的QTLs10个,控制叶片宽度的QTLs8个,控制株高的QTLs15个,控制叶球重更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese cabbage （Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis） is one of the most important vegetable crops in China. Genetic improvement of Chinese cabbage has been achieved mainly by conventional plant breeding methods. But recent advances in marker-assisted breeding have opened new avenues for crop improvement. Identification of QTLs for a particular trait can contribute to crop improvement strategies through marker-assisted selection （MAS）, especially where the traits are of high value In the present study, a molecular genetic map for Chinese cabbage was constructed based on AFLP, RAPD, SSR and Isozyme markers. Marker analysis was performed on 100 randomly chosen DH lines obtained by microspore culture from the F₁ between two homozygous parents: 91-112 and T12-19 and QTL analyses for 24 agronomic traits were also carried out.Isozymes including AAT, MDH, ME, PGM, LDH, FDH and GDH were investigated and 14 polymorphic bands were obtained between two parents. Among these markers, 10 markers are observed to be codominant, occupying 71.4%. Other markers including 263 AFLP markers, 150 RAPDs, 17 SSRs, 1 SCAR and 1 morphological maker obtained by the former researchers in our Lab. were used for map construction with software JoinMap 3.0.The linkage map constructed in this study contained 406 markers including 246 AFLP markers, 135 RAPD markers, 11 SSR markers 12 Isozyme marker 1 SCAR and 1 morphological maker and integrated into 10 groups. A total of 45.0% distorted markers distributed in the map. Among 406 markers used in map construction, 222（54.7%） markers derived from parent 91-112, and 184（45.3%） from another parent T12-19. The map covered 826.3 cM with a mean marker interval of 2.0 cM. Number of markers included in linkage groups varied from 7 to 111, mean marker interval distance from 1.0 cM to 3.8 cM and the length of linkage groups from 26.4 cM to 156.1 cM individually. The molecular genetic map constructed would be useful in QTL mapping of important agronomic traits for Chinese cabbage.QTLs controlling 24 agronomic traits were mapped on 8 linkage groups with software MapQTL5.225 QTLs controlling 24 agronomic traits investigated in 2003 were mapped on 8 linkage groups. These QTLs included 10 for plant expansion, 23 for head height, 1 for head diameter, 12 for number of wrapper leaf, 11 for number of non-wrapper leaves, 5 for length of internal stem, 11 for length of midrib, 5 for thickness of midrib, 10 for width of midrib, 10 for leaf length, 8 for leaf width, 15 for plant height, 10 for head weight, 22 for percentage of wrapper leaf blade weight, 14 for plant attitude, 12 for leaf color, 8 for serration of leaf margin, 3 for crimple of leaf, 7 for undulation of leaf margin, 6 for color of midrib, 4 for head internal color, 5 for shape of internal stem, 7 for leaf shape and 6 for shape of midrib. Unequal gene effects were observed on the expression of these agronomic traits, and the variation explained ranged from 8.90%-88.90%. 28 major QTLs were identified.233 QTLs controlling 22 agronomic traits investigated in 2004 were mapped on 8 linkage groups. These QTLs included 16 for plant expansion, 19 for head height, 11 for head diameter, 19 for number of wrapper leaf, 19 for number of non-wrapper leaves, 9 for length of internal stem, 7 for length of midrib, 7 for thickness of midrib, 14 for width of midrib, 3 for leaf length, 6 for leaf width, 14 for plant height, 19 for head weight, 24 for percentage of wrapper leaf blade weight, 3 for leaf color, 3 for serration of leaf margin, 8 for crimple of leaf, 5 for color of midrib, 4 for head internal color, 5 for shape of internal stem, 6 for leaf shape and 12 for shape of midrib. The variation explained ranged from 9.40%-96.20%.40 major QTLs were identified in 2004.5 QTLs controlling plant expansion, 11 QTLs controlling head height, 6 QTLs controlling number of wrapper leaf, 3 QTLs controlling number of non-wrapper leaves, 3 QTLs controlling length of internal stem, 1 QTLs controlling length of midrib, 3 QTLs controlling thickness of midrib, 1 QTLs controlling width of midr更多还原