【作者】 王庆华；

【导师】 常洪； 杨章平；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 采用中心产区典型群随机抽样方法和多种电泳技术检测53只黄淮山羊、30只长江三角洲白山羊编码血液蛋白17个结构基因座上的变异,引用国内外21个山羊群体相同资料进行比较分析,探讨其系统发尘树关系。研究表明:(1)黄淮山羊、长江三角洲白山羊结构基因座平均杂合度分别为0.0826和0.0899;平均多态信息含量分别为0.0699和0.0899;平均有效等位基因数分别为1.0000和1.1533。(2)黄淮山羊与长江三角洲白山羊群体对于“东亚集团”的隶属度分别为0.8445、0.8981,与“南亚集团”的隶属度分别为0.7440、0.8201,说明黄淮山羊群体与长江三角洲白山羊群体应属于“东亚山羊集团”而非“南亚山羊集团”。(3)NJ聚类与模糊聚类均在一定程度上吻合品种的地理分布,但所揭示的两山羊群体之间的相对关系并不一致,可能是由于不同聚类方法所依据的标准不同的缘故,总而言之,模糊聚类更符合品种育成史实。(4)对黄淮山羊群体、海门和扬中长江三角洲白山羊群体进行基因流水平的研究。结果表明:长江三角洲白山羊两亚群之间的基因流水平(Nm=8.4001)高于黄淮山羊群体与长江三角洲白山羊群体之间基因流水平(Nm=5.7309),Nm的对数((?))研究揭示了两山羊群体遗传结构满足距离隔离模式,遗传距离与其地理距离成正比。 以黄淮山羊群体、长江三角洲白山羊群体为材料,根据其外部形态特征判定其表型性状变异的频率,并引用周边国家相同方法检测的山羊遗传资料进行遗传多样性研究。研究表明:(1)长江三角洲白山羊群体2/3位点被固定,而黄淮山羊群体只有1/3位点被固定,表明在表型的选择上,前者受到了更大的选择压。(2)基于表型性状变异的聚类较好地解释了14个山羊群体之间的地理散布和播迁历史,并在一定程度上论证了黄河流域是中国和东亚及南亚一部分山羊的播迁起点之一的假说。(3)对包括本研究两山羊群体的国内17个山羊群体的体尺、形态特征的表更多还原

【Abstract】 Using the method of "random sampling in typical colonies of the central area of the habitat" and several electrophoresis techniques, the variations of 17 structural loci encoding blood proteins in 53 Huanghuai (HH) goat and 30 Yangtze River Delta White (YRD) goat were examined and compared with those of 21 other goat populations in China and other countries around China to figure out their phylogenic relations. The average heterozygosities (h) of Huanghuai (HH) goat and Yangtze River Delta White (YRD) goat were 0.0826 and 0.0899, respectively. Their average polymorphic information contents (PIC) were separately 0.0699 and 0.0899. Their average effective numbers of alleles (Ne) were 1.0000 and 1.1533. The genetic approach degree of HH to the East Asian Group (EAG) was 0.8445, meanwhile 0.7440 to the South Asian Group (SAG); at the same time, the values of YRD to the two groups were 0.8981 to the EAG and 0.8201 to the SAG, respectively. It was obvious that HH goat population affiliate to the EAG at the genetic approach degree 0.8445 which is greater than 0.7440, the adscription of HH goat population to SAG. So the result that HH goat population affiliated to the EAG seemed quite reasonable. When it came to the Yangtze River Delta White (YRD) goat, the same conclusion was gotten, the degree that YRD goat population affiliated to EAG (0.8981) was greater than it to SAG (0.8201). The result that the two goat populations ascribed to the EAG was consistent to their geographical distribution and their history. Results of Neighbor Joining clustering and Fuzzy clustering were consistent with the geographic distribution of the populations involved in the phylogenic trees, but the genetic distances based on these two methods were not matched well each other, the reason perhaps lied on the different criteria implemented by the two methods. All in all, the dendrogram formed by fuzzy clustering explained the culture history of the breeds well. Test of gene flow among the Huanghuai goat (HH), Haimen Yangtze River Delta White (HM) goat and Yangzhong Yangtze River Delta White (YZ) goat populations was carried out, and the value of gene flow between the two subpopulations (HM&YZ)(Nm=8.4001) was higher than that between the twopopulations (HH&HM, YZ)(Nm=5.7309). The log of Nm (M) was correlated with thelog of the geographic distance between two sites; that was to say, the genetic structure of the two populations was isolation by distance model.With the data of body measurements and variation of morphological traits, genetic diversity of the two goat populations was checked and the out-comings were compared with the same data recourses both here and abroad. There were 2/3 loci were fixed in Yangtze River Delta White goat (YRD), while 1/3 in Huanghuai goat. That was, the former was undergoing harsher selective pressure on the morphological traits than the latter. Dendrogram constructed with the variation of morphological traits of the 14 goat populations could illustrate the geographic distributions and the disperse history of goat from central Asia area to east and south Asia. In order to find the relation between the body measurements and the ecological environments, the same data of 15 other China indigenous goat populations were cited to perform Factor Analysis in SPSS 11.5 package. It was obvious that the body measurements had a close relationship with the ecological environments. So we should take ecological conditions into account when we were confronted with breeding or classifying the type of goat populations. Using twenty-three microsatellite markers, we explored the genetic variations of Huanghuai (HH) goat and Yangtze River Delta White (RSD) goat and calculated their gene frequencies. The mean heterozygosities of HH goat and RSD goat were 0.7064and 0.6871, respectively. The polymorphic information content values were 0.6871and 0.6704, respectively. The values of mean effective alleles were 4.8491 and 4.3239, respectively. It can be referred that the degree of genetic variation in HH goat in non-coding regions was更多还原