【作者】 董娜；

【导师】 曹兵海； 呙于明；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究通过三个试验研究了蓝孔雀对日粮营养物质消化利用性,并探讨了蓝孔雀日粮适宜的粗蛋白质和能量水平。 试验一 蓝孔雀与火鸡和公鸡对粗蛋白质、能量、粗脂肪及纤维的利用性比较 本试验使用5月龄和7月龄的蓝孔雀和火鸡及成年公鸡,比较了日粮DM、CP、AME、EE、CF、NDF及ADF在月龄及三种动物之间的差异。本试验研究结果表明,蓝孔雀对日粮中DM、AME、CP、EE、CF、NDF和ADF的摄入量、排泄量和消化量都与公鸡相当,但二者均小于火鸡。两个月龄蓝孔雀CP和EE消化率低于公鸡和火鸡,而蓝孔雀的DM消化率和AME代谢率明显高于火鸡和公鸡。本研究认为蓝孔雀对日粮纤维成分的消化性能高于火鸡和公鸡,并且其降解代谢产物为蓝孔雀提供部分维持和生长所需要的能量,而导致蓝孔雀DM消化性能和能量代谢性能高于火鸡和公鸡。如果采用鸡或火鸡的饲养标准饲喂蓝孔雀,可能低估蓝孔雀对目粮能量和干物质的利用性,同时高估蓝孔雀对日粮CP的消化性能,因此,监孔雀CP需要量要高于火鸡和公鸡。 试验二 蓝孔雀对日粮粗蛋白质的消化利用及适宜粗蛋白质含量的研究 本试验选用112只28日龄蓝孔雀。根据日粮粗蛋白质水平(16%、18%、20%及22%)分为4个处理组,日粮能量水平为12.13MJ/kg,研究蓝孔雀对日粮粗蛋白质的消化利用,并且探讨了蓝孔雀日粮适宜的粗蛋白质水平。结果表明:随着日粮粗蛋白质水平的升高,粗蛋白质的消化率降低,同时,尿酸氮和氨氮的排泄量增加。蓝孔雀的活体重、屠体重、屠宰率、全净膛重、全净膛率、胸肌和腿肌重量随目粮粗蛋白质水平的升高而升高,特别是当日粮CP水平超过20%时较为明显,这是因为在CP水平不影响能量利用量的前提下,日粮CP20%提高了氮的可利用量,但日粮CP20%以上的水平并不能对各项指标带来进一步的显著增加,由此认为日粮CP20%水平适宜28-140日龄蓝孔雀。 试验三 蓝孔雀对日粮能量的代谢利用及适宜能量水平的研究 本试验选用200只28日龄蓝孔雀,根据试验2结果,日粮蛋白质水平为20%,能量水平为11.29MJ/kg、11.71MJ/kg、12.13MJ/kg、12.55MJ/kg、12.97MJ/kg。根据能量水平分为5个处理,研究了蓝孔雀对日粮能量的代谢利用,并探讨了蓝孔雀日粮适宜的能量水平。结果表明:随着日粮能量水平的升高,日粮采食量、体增重和料肉比均降低(P<0.05)。能量的代谢率随着日粮能量水平的升高而升高(P<0.05),但能量摄入量和利用量没有显著变化;氮的摄入量、尿酸氮、氨氮、尿总氮及可代谢氮随能量升高而降低(P<0.05)。但对粪氮、利用氮和氮代谢率没有显著影响。日粮能量水平的提高,显著降低了84日龄蓝孔雀相对腿肌重和小肠的重量、相对小肠重量、小肠的长度及相对小肠长度。综合体重、饲料效率及屠宰指标,11.71MJ/kg是28-84日龄蓝孔雀适宜的日粮能量水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three experiments were conducted to investigate digestive and utilizable performance of dietary nutritional matter in blue peafowl, and studied on the feasible protein and energy content in blue peafowl diet.Experiment 1: Comparative study on digestive and utilizable performance of CP, AME, CEE and fibers of diet in blue peafowl、 turkeys and CocksThe study compared the difference of digestive and utilizable performance of DM, CP, AME、 EE、 CF、 NDF and ADF of diet in 5 and 7-month old blue peafowl ,the same old turkeys and adult cocks. The results showed that feed intake, excretion and digestion of DM、 CP、 AME、 EE、 CF、 NDF and ADF in blue peafowl was equal to those of cocks, but both were less than those of turkeys(P<0.05). In both months, the CP and EE digestibility in blue peafowl was significantly less than those in cocks and turkeys (P<0.05), but the DM digestibility and AME metabolic ratio were significantly higher than cocks and turkeys (.P<0.05). It was concluded that the DM digestibility and AME metabolic ratio of blue peafowl was highest in three animals because of higher dietary fibers digestibility of blue peafowl and its fibers degradation product supplied part of energy which was used in growth and maintenance. If cocks and turkeys’ feeding standard were applied in feed of blue peafowl, it may be underestimated in energy and DM utilizable performance and overrated in CP digestive performance, therefore, CP requirement of blue peafowl should be higher than those of cocks and turkeys.Experiment 2: Studies on the digestive and utilizable performance of dietary protein and the feasible protein content in blue peafowlOne hundred and twelve 28-day-old blue peafowl were divided into 4 groups in accordance with dietary protein levels (16%、 18%、 20% and 22%) to study on digestive and utilizable performance of dietary protein and optimal protein content in feed of blue peafowl. The dietary ME was set to 12.13MJ/kg. As dietary protein increased, the CP digestibility was significantly decreased and uric nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen excretive capacity was increased (P<0.05). Utilizable energy quantities were not influenced by dietary protein higher that 20% levels. Live body weight , the dressed weight, dressing percentage, eviscerated weight、eviscerated percentage、breast muscle weight and breast muscle weight were significantly (P<0.05) enhanced as dietary protein increased due to higher available nitrogen in 20% protein treatment. But dietary protein levels which was higher than 20% could not significantly improved other indexes measured. In conclusion, the 20% CP level was adapted for 28-140 days old blue peafowl.Experiment 3: Studies on the metabolic and utilizable performance of dietary proteinand the feasible energy contentTwo hundred 28 days old blue peafowl were divided into 5 groups in accordance with dietary energy levels (11.29MJ/kg、 11.71 MJ/kg、 12.13MJ/kg、 12.55MJ/kg、 12.97 MJ/kg) and the dietary protein is 20% according to experiment 1. It was conducted to investigate to metabolic and utilizable performance of dietary ME and the feasible energy content. The results showed that ADFI 、 ADG、 F/G was significantly (P<0.05) decreased as dietary energy levels increased, and similarly, nitrogen intake、 UN、 AN、 total uric nitrogen and metabolic nitrogen was significantly decreased ,but excreta nitrogen、 available nitrogen and nitrogen metabolic ratio was not influenced. When dietary energy was enhanced, though energy metabolic rate was significantly increased (P<0.05), energy intake and utilizable quantity were not influenced. As dietary energy levels increased, Leg muscle、 small intestine weight、relative small intestine weight、 small intestine length、 relative small intestine length was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at 84 day of age. For body weight, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics, 11.71 MJ/kg was optimal for growing peafowl at age of 28-84 days.更多还原