【作者】 郭咏梅；

【导师】 李自超； 卢义宣；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用旱稻品种IRAT109和水稻品种越富杂交的DH群体为材料,分别在水田、旱田种植,考查了水田、旱田种植条件下亲本和DH群体的外观品质(粒长、粒宽、长宽比、垩白率),加工品质(糙米率、精米率、整精米率),蒸煮食用品质(直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、碱消值)和营养品质(蛋白质含量),并作了表型比较分析和相关分析。利用这一作图群体构建的包括165个分子标记(其中94个RFLP标记和81个SSR标记)的连锁图谱,采用混合线性模型的复合区间作图方法,对水、旱环境下控制主要稻米品质性状的数量性状位点(QTL)进行了系统分析,主要结果如下: 1、用SPSS软件对水、旱田2种环境条件下DH群体各品系间差异显著性分析,所研究的11个稻米品质性状中,水、旱两种不同栽培条件下蛋白质含量、整精米率、胶稠度和碱消值等4个性状差异较大,说明这些性状受水分条件影响较大;粒长、粒宽、直链淀粉含量和垩白率也有一定的差异,一定程度受土壤水分环境影响。旱栽条件下稻米蛋白质含量、整精米率、胶稠度、碱消值等均有不同程度的升高,其中蛋白质含量平均提高37.9%,平均提高了3.02个百分点,而垩白率下降,稻米米粒变小,总体上旱栽稻米品质有变优趋势。糙米率、精米率和长宽比在两种栽培条件下没有差异,基本上不受土壤水分环境影响。 2、采用SPSS软件对同一品质性状在水、旱两种不同栽培条件下相关性分析,表明加工品质性状的基因与环境互作较大,外观、蒸煮和营养等品质性状比较稳定;因此,通过水稻和旱稻相互杂交,可将旱稻的抗旱基因导入外观品质、蒸煮、食用品质以及营养品质优良的的目标水稻亲本中,选育出抗旱、优质的水稻或早稻品种。 3、利用已构建好的包含165个标记的水稻连锁图,用QTLMAPPER1.0软件对水、旱环境DH群体的外观品质、加工品质、蒸煮食用品质和营养品质进行QTL定位分析,共检测到23个加性OTL和22对上位性互作OTL,其中4个加性OTL和18对上位性互作OTL与环境存在显著互作,单个OTL与环境互作效应的贡献率在8.99%～47.86%之间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using 116 DH(Double Haploid) individuals derived from the cross of upland rice IRAT109 (Japonica ) with paddy rice Yue Fu(Japonica), rice quality traits including content of crude protein, brown rice, milled rice, head milled rice, amylose content, gel consistency, alkali value, chalkiness, grain length, grain width and length width ratio, were compared and analysed on lowland and upland cultivation. QTLs confonning those quality traits were mapped using a set of 165 IRAT109/Yuefu DH population, an linkage maps with 94 RFLP marker loci and 81 SSR marker loci, and a mixed model approach(QTLMapper V1.0).Differentia analyzed by programs developed by SPSS indicated the change of each rice quality characteristics was occurred differently. The content of crude protein, head milled rice, gel consistency and alkali value were higher, and chalkiness, grain length and grain width were lower in the upland cultivation than that in the lowland cultivation. In general, most of characters of rice grain quality were improved in the upland cultivation comparing with that in the lowland cultivation. The content of crude protein, head milled rice, gel consistency and alkali value were sensitive to water-stress and influenced stronger by soil water situation than amylose content, grain length, grain width and Chalkiness. Especially, the content of crude protein increased 37.9% or 3.02 percentile in the upland cultivation than that in the lowland cultivation. But brown rice, milled rice and length width ratio of were not influenced by cultural environment.Correlation analysis indicated that milling quality traits had the interaction with environment (culture system), but the looking, cooking and nutrition quality characters mainly controlled by genetic factor. Therefore, the grain quality of the lowland or upland rice varieties with drought-resistance could be improved under upland condition or dry-cultivation by the cross between elite grain quality lowland rice cultivar and drought-resistant upland rice cultivar.23 main effect QTLs and 22 pairs epistatic QTLs were detected for the milling, looking, cooking and nutrition quality traits. 4 main effect QTLs and 18 pairs epistatic QTLs were founded to be affected significantly by environments, the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLxenvironment interaction ranged from 8.99% to 47.86%.更多还原