摩擦纺特种组分结构纱线加工及其性能研究

【作者】 安降龙；

【导师】 赵书林；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题主要研究了利用DREF-Ⅲ型摩擦纺纱系统生产特种组分结构包芯纱的加工方法及其结构性能,共分为四个方面: 一.用摩擦纺纱技术生产产业用特种组分结构纱线,用于织物及增强复合材料等产业用纺织品。传统方法生产玻璃纤维布和玻璃纤维增强塑料时都是由人工直接将玻璃纤维在编织机上进行二维或三维编织成增强体,由于玻纤固有刚性和脆性的影响,在人工编织过程中会引起玻璃纤维部分断裂,造成最终产品强度的急剧下降。这种情况在实际生产过程中不可避免,不仅极容易造成纤维损伤,而且会对人体造成伤害。在摩擦纺机上用涤纶短纤维对玻璃长丝进行包覆,较好地改变了这种状况。而且其特有的组分结构、纺纱生产的高速度、短流程、以及其较好的性能价格比,都具有无可置疑的经济性和高性能,是其它纺纱方法无法替代的。用此特种纱线制造二维机织、针织及三维编织复合材料等产业用纺织品方面具有独特的地位和极广的应用前景,也符合大纺织工业的发展趋势和导向。 二.摩擦纺包芯纱力学性能。实验分析了不同的纤维组分特性对摩擦纺包芯纱性能的影响,主要研究了包覆层纤维的细度和长度对摩擦纺生产涤纶及腈纶包芯纱拉伸、弯曲性能的影响。 三.摩擦纺包芯纱热学性能。实验分析了热处理对摩擦纺包芯纱性能的影响,主要研究了摩擦纺包芯纱包覆层组分的比例(包覆率)以及在干、湿自然状态下热处理对纱热收缩性、包覆层抗滑脱性及拉伸性能的影响。 四.摩擦纺多组分纬纱织物风格特征。主要研究了三种摩擦纺多组分纬纱织造的平纹织物风格特征。三种不同的纬纱:1.粘纤包覆粘纤;2.水溶性PVA短纤包覆粘纤;3.粘纤包覆PVA短纤。经对织物性能的测定,溶解PVA包覆层后无捻芯纱织物具有较高的拉伸强力、撕裂强力、折皱回复性和耐磨性,而溶解PVA芯纱后的空心纱织物具有丰满、蓬松的结构和良好的耐压缩性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper some kinds of processing methods and special structural properties of the core-spun yam have mainly been developed produced on DREF-III friction spinning system, which can be used in many different purposes. It is studied in four parts:1 .The special structural yam produced by using the friction spinning technology is used in the industrial fabric and composite. The traditional processing methods of glass fiber fabrics and glass-reinforced materials are directly made by workers with their hands. Once workers get in touch with it, the strength of glass fiber will quickly decrease because of its natural properties of rigid and fragile. So as not only to destroy the performance of final product, but also hurt their body. However, It cannot be avoided in the course of production. We produce the friction core-spun yam made of polyester as sheath and glass filament as core to solve the problem better. The friction core-spun yam are of well property-price-rate, also with its high speed, relative shorter procession and characteristic multi-component structure are doubtless economical and high performance which cannot be replaced by any other spinning methods. The industrial textiles such as 2-D woven fabric, needle fabric, non-woven fabric and 3-D knit composite material will be in an very important position and a bright future, which also come up to the development trend of textile industry.2. The mechanical properties of friction core-spun yarn. The influence of sheath-core fiber’s characteristics on the properties of DREF-III friction core-spun yam have been analyzed through experimentation. The effects of sheath fiber fineness and length on the tensile and bending properties of friction core-spun yarn have been studied using polyester and acrylic fibers.3. The thermal properties of friction core-spun yam. The influence of thermal treatment on properties of friction core-spun yam has been analyzed through experimentation. The influence of proportion of sheath component and thermal treatment under the relaxed condition on thermal shrinkage, sheath-slipping resistance and tensile properties of friction core-spun yam made of polyester multifilament core and cotton sheath has been studied both in dry and wet state. It is observed that the thermal treatment markedly increases the thermal shrinkage and sheath-slipping resistance.4. The properties of woven fabrics containing core-sheath friction core-spun yarn in weft. The properties of plain woven fabrics made of friction core-spun yarn having staple fiber core-sheath yarn, twistless core component and hollow sheath component in weft and 2-ply cotton ring-spun yarn in warp have been studied. Three different fiber in core and water-soluble staple PVA fiber in sheath, and PVA in core and viscose in sheath are involved. It is observed that the fabric made from twistless core component in weft shows very good tensile strength, tear strength, crease recovery and abrasion resistance, whereas the fabric with hollow sheath component in weft shows bulky and compressible structure.更多还原