【作者】 刘景府；

【导师】 谢英惠；

【作者基本信息】 河北工业大学 ， 化学工艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 通过实验考察了钾富集阶段相关因素对离子交换效果的影响。钾富集主要包括海水中K⁺吸附、沸石的洗脱和再生三个阶段。在吸附阶段,海水流量对吸附效果影响不大,工业生产中可以适当采用较高流量。同时,与海水相比较,通入卤水更有利于沸石对K⁺的吸附;在洗脱阶段,洗脱剂中（NH₄）₂SO₄浓度和洗脱温度越高,沸石的洗脱效果越好,但洗脱剂采用过高与过低流量都不利于洗脱,在实验条件下,选择洗脱剂流量为80ml/min;再生阶段,再生液的高温和低流量都有利于再生,但在实际生产中,需要综合考虑再生效果与能量消耗之间的关系,因此再生温度选择80℃为佳。 尝试使用多种方法对富钾液进行分离。当用直接冷却法和浓缩法分离富钾液时,所得结晶中K₂SO₄含量不高,并不能有效对富钾液进行分离;当向富钾液中分别加入10%甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和氨作为析晶剂时,所得结晶中K₂SO₄含量并不高,都为25%左右,随着通氨量的增加,结晶量增加,K⁺沉淀率随之上升,但结晶中K₂SO₄含量并不高,只有25%～30%且变化不大,说明单纯增加通氨量并不能得到纯度较高的K₂SO₄产品;通过正交实验考察了通氨量和加水量对实验结果的影响,在所作实验条件下,当通氨量为10%,富钾液中水含量为12gH₂O/gK₂SO₄时析晶效果较佳。此时,所得结晶中K₂SO₄含量为81.47%,K⁺沉淀率为80.14%,通氨量对实验结果影响较大。在正交实验的基础上,进行了补充实验,当通氨量为18%,富钾液中水含量为15gH₂O/gK₂SO₄时,所得结晶产品中K₂SO₄含量为91.61%,K⁺沉淀率为99.10%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of various kinds of factors upon zeolite’s ion exchange was discussed in the paper. The phase of the erishment of potassium included the adsorption of potassium ion in seawater,the elution and regeneration of zeolite. In the phase of adsorption, the flux of the seawater had little effect on the ion exchange; we can increase the flux of seawater according to the cost of energy and power. At the same time,The result of expriment showed that the effect on the zeolite’s adsorption of potassium was better in the bittern than in the seawater. In the phase of elution, It showed that the higher the temperature and the concentration of ammonium,the better the effect of elution.It also showed that either too low or too high flux of ammonium sulfate was disadvantage to the effect of elution. According to the results of experiment, we choosed 80ml/min as the better flux of ammonium sulfate. In the phase of regeneration, the results of experiment indicated that a higher temperature and a lower flux of salt was advantage to the effect of regeneration. In the industry, considering the cost of energy and power, we choosed 80 ℃ as the better temperature of the elution.To separate potassium sulfate from the solution riched of potassium different methods were tried in the paper. By means of cooling the solution directly and concentrating the solution, the crystal was gained contained low potassium sulfate. When added the Carbinal, Ethanol, Acetone and Ammonia gas in the same weight of 10% separately to the solution, the crystal containing about 25% potassium sulfate was gained. With adding of Ammonia gas, the crystal we gained and the ratio of deposition of potassium was increased, however the ratio of potassium sulfate in the crystal was not changed. Through orthogonal experiment, The effect of the weight of ammonia gas and water on the result of experiment was tested.It showed that when the ratio of the water was 12gH2O/gK.2SO4 and the weight of ammonia gas in the solution was 10%, the effect of crystallization was better. At this time, the ratio of potassium sulfate in the crystal was 81.47% and the ratio of deposition of potassium ion was 80.14%. Complementary experiments were carried out on the base of the orthogonal experiment, the crystal products with the content of potassium sulfate of 91.61 % had been obtained when the content of ammonia gas was 18 % and the content of water was 15gH2O/gK2SO4in the solution riched of potassium. At the sametime, the ratio of deposition of potassium ion was 99.10%.更多还原